Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, Vol. 26, No. 3, 1998, pp. 213-220
Cross-Informant Agreement in the Assessment of Social
Phobia in Youth
Patricia Marten DiBartolo1,5 Anne Marie Albano2 David H. Barlow,3 and
Richard G. Heimberg4
The use of multiple informants in the assess-
ment of anxious children is a widely recommended
practice. A number of studies have examined the re-
liability of assessment of anxiety disorders in chil-
dren, using parents as an important source of
information regarding the child's symptomatology
(e.g., Rapee, Barrett, Dadds, & Evans, 1994; Silver-
man & Nelles, 1988). Despite the fact that clinicians
demonstrate acceptable agreement in the assignment
of anxiety disorder diagnoses, parent-child agree-
ment often tends to be poor for the anxiety disorders
and other internalizing disorders (Edelbrock,
Costello, Dulcan, Conover, & Kalas, 1986; Rapee et
1Department of Psychology, Smith College, Northampton, Massa-
chusetts.
2Department of Psychology, University of Louisville, Louisville,
Kentucky.
3The Center for Anxiety and Related Disorders, Department of
Psychology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.
4Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania.
5Address all correspondence to Patricia M. DiBartolo, Smith Col-
lege, Clark Science Center, Northampton, Massachusetts 01063.
al., 1994). Previous investigations have generally
found anxious children to report a larger number of
more intense symptoms than their parents (cf. Bird,
Gould, & Staghezza, 1992; Edelbrock et al., 1986).
Recent data suggest that the age of the child
may have a significant impact on parent-child agree-
ment regarding the diagnosis of social phobia in the
child. Rapee et al. (1994) reported that informant
variance was reduced in children over the age of 10;
that is, parents and older children were more likely
to agree on the presence of social phobia. When as-
sessing younger children (<10 years), Rapee et al.
noted that the children often minimized their social
anxiety relative to the reports of their parents.
Indeed, the validity of child self-report may be
uncertain when the principal diagnosis is social pho-
bia. Given the social concerns and fear of negative
evaluation that are definitional of social phobia, the
inclusion of parent report may increase the validity
of the diagnostic assessment. Thus, one goal of this
investigation included examining parent-child symp-
tom level agreement on measures of social fear and
213
0091-0627/98/0600-0213$15.00/0 © 1998 Plenum Publishing Corporation
In the present study involving children and adolescents with a principal diagnosis of social
phobia, we measured parent-child agreement regarding social anxiety symptoms. Addition-
ally, we examined variables related to the severity of the children's social phobia symptoms
as reported by children and as rated by clinicians. Examination of cross-informant agreement
indicated little difference between mean parent and children ratings of the children's social
fears. In contrast, there was a significant difference in parent and children ratings of the
children's avoidance, with parents endorsing greater degrees of social avoidance. Children's
report of social avoidance was negatively related to scores on a measure of self-presentational
concerns (i.e., social desirability). Clinicians' determination of the severity of the children's
social phobia was also influenced by the children's self-presentation as well as parent report
of social avoidance and children's depression scores. Thus, this differential weighting by the
clinician of parent versus child report may be related to the finding that children's self-re-
ported social avoidance was negatively related to their concerns regarding positive self-pres-
entation. Results suggest the need to consider the impact of social desirability when
examining clinical characteristics of children and adolescents with social phobia.
KEY WORDS: Social phobia; children; adolescents; cross-informant agreement; social desirability.