Session T1A
1-4244-0257-3/06/$20.00 © 2006 IEEE October 28 – 31, 2006, San Diego, CA
36
th
ASEE/IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference
T1A-1
WIP: A Pilot Study to Assess the Impact of a Special
Topics Energy Module on Improving Energy Literacy
of High School Youth
Jan DeWaters
1
and Susan Powers
2
1
Jan DeWaters, Graduate Student, Clarkson Center for the Environment, Clarkson University, dewaters@clarkson.edu
2
Susan Powers, Associate Dean for Research & Graduate Studies and Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Clarkson University, sep@clarkson.edu
Abstract – An energy education program that embeds
energy topics within a societal context that is meaningful to
students may improve energy literacy and effectively
prepare students to interpret energy issues and make
sound actions and choices as voters, consumers, and
professionals. High school environmental science students
participate in a project-based energy module where they
explore technical, environmental, societal, and economic
concerns related to the production, delivery, and use of
hydrogen fuel and fuel cells for transportation. In-depth
assessment evaluates the course’s impact on students’
energy-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors, as well
as their feelings of general self-efficacy. The analysis uses
a triangulated mixed-methods design, including pre/post
written questionnaires, classroom observations, post-
program focus group interviews, and post-program
opinion surveys.
Index Terms – Energy education, Energy literacy, Hydrogen
fuel cell, Project-based learning, Societal context.
INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
Environmental issues, and energy-related issues in particular,
play a prominent role in the lives of today’s students. As we
move into a future with limited fossil fuel resources and
worsening environmental conditions, our society is becoming
increasingly entrenched in a struggle to define new directions
with respect to energy consumption and energy independence.
Energy literacy enables people to embrace appropriate
decisions and behaviors with respect to energy in everyday
life. An informed public will be better equipped to make
responsible energy choices. Unfortunately, recent evidence
suggests that U.S. students – in fact, the U.S. public in general
– are lacking in their awareness of energy-related issues [1]-
[4]. The National Environmental Education & Training
Foundation (NEETF) found in a 2001 survey that, while many
Americans tended to overestimate their energy knowledge,
just 12% could pass a basic quiz on energy knowledge [2].
Energy education typically falls within the realm of
science instruction in the traditional K-12 curriculum.
Curricular-based topics generally include scientific principles
associated with energy concepts – energy conversion, work,
and power. A variety of alternative materials have been
developed that address energy issues from a broader
perspective, but many of these are still primarily concerned
with the scientifically based energy concepts that are
embedded in the requirements of State and National education
standards. Few address students’ attitudes or behaviors related
to energy issues, and the implications of those attitudes and
behaviors within a societal or global context. Moreover, most
are available as supplemental science activities. Experts
generally agree that the best way to promote energy literacy is
to include energy education within the existing curricula and,
where possible, to use an interdisciplinary approach [5]. A
project-based approach that provides opportunities for
learning within an overarching problem assignment, with
reference to societal themes, makes the material more relevant
to the students’ own lives and helps them understand how the
science impacts them and the communities in which they live.
PROPOSED STUDY
This descriptive study evaluates the impact of a special topics
energy module on students’ energy-related knowledge and
attitudes. “The Hydrogen Economy” is an 18-day module
created and taught in conjunction with an NSF GK-12-funded
educational outreach program at Clarkson University.
Throughout the interdisciplinary module (Table I) students
explore technical, environmental, societal, and economic
concerns related to the production, delivery, and use of
hydrogen fuel and fuel cells for transportation. The module is
framed within a societal/global context and is project based:
students are first introduced to their problem assignment, and
all subsequent activities and investigations are designed to
provide them opportunities for gaining knowledge and skills
needed to complete the assignment. An element of formalized
decision making instruction has been included [6].
The study is piloted in a high school environmental
science class (18 students), with plans to expand the program
into additional high school science classrooms in the future.
Through the pilot study we hope to evaluate the effectiveness
of the learning module (e.g., classroom delivery) and the study
design (evaluation and analysis). The evaluation will assess
the module’s impact on students’ general knowledge and
awareness of energy issues, their energy-related attitudes and
behaviors, and their general feelings of self-efficacy and locus
of control (LOC). We will also correlate energy knowledge,