Modern Plastic Surgery, 2012, 2, 54-57
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/mps.2012.23014 Published Online July 2012 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/mps)
Unusual Invasıon of Trichilemmal Umors: Two Case
Reports
Mehtap Karamese, Ahmet Akatekin, Malik Abaci, Zekeriya Tosun, Mustafa Keskin
Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Plastic, Selcuklu Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
Email: mehtapef@yahoo.com, {ahmetakatekin, maablaicki}@gmail.com, {ztosun, drmkeskin}@hotmail.com
Received April 4
th
, 2012; revised May 7
th
, 2012; accepted June 6
th
, 2012
ABSTRACT
Background: Proliferating trichilemmal tumors are slow-growing lobulated masses most commonly found on the scalp
of elderly women. Due to the locally invasive nature of the lesion, the treatment is complete excision of the tumor with
tumor-free margins. Methods: We present two cases of trichilemmal tumors that exhibited aggressive local invasion
across tissue planes. The first case had dural invasion, which needed dural reconstruction. The second case had muscle
invasion, which required wide resection. Results: Sixteen months after their surgeries, the patients are in good health
without any recurrence of tumors. Conclusion: Trichilemmal tumors may exhibit aggressive local invasion across tissue
planes and even penetrate intracranially, causing considerable morbidity and mortality. The possibility of dural and
muscle invasion must be kept in mind in order to achieve successful treatment results. A close clinical follow-up is
judicious for detecting recurrences or metastases.
Keywords: Trichilemmal Tumor; Dural Invasion
1. Introduction
Proliferative trichilemmal tumors are rare neoplasms that
develop from the external root sheath of a hair follicle.
These tumors arise mainly in areas of dense hair follicle
concentration: 90% occur on the scalp [1]. The usual cli-
nical presentation is a subcutaneous cystic nodule. Pa-
tients most often present with a solitary lesion, but mul-
tiple lesions are encountered at times. A trichilemmal tu-
mor has a benign clinical course, but exhibits a malignant
and invasive histological appearance [2]. Dural invasions
or muscle invasions of trichilemmal tumors have been
very rarely reported. However, here were port a dural in-
vasion and a muscle invasion in two cases of trichilem-
mal tumors.
2. Case Report No. 1
A 49-year-old man presented with a mass in his scalp. He
had burned his scalp with hot water 25 years ago. He first
noticed this mass four years ago. The lesion had been
growing rapidly for the previous six months. Upon ex-
amination, the lesion was 8 × 6 × 5 cm in size with
irregular margins and superficial erosion (Figure 1). No
other regional lymphadenopathy was detected. The brain
computerized tomography revealed a mass with dural
invasion (Figure 2). A wide excision was performed
under general anesthesia. The dura was excised and re-
placed with a dural graft by a neurosurgeon. A bone
defect was replaced with a split calvarial graft. Scalp
reconstruction was done with a bipedicled scalp flap.
Histopathological diagnosis of the mass determined it
was a malign proliferative trichilemmal tumor. The local
oncology committee did not recommend chemotherapy.
At the 16-month follow-up, there was no evidence of
local recurrence or metastasis (Figure 3) [3].
3. Case Report No. 2
A 47-year-old man presented with a huge mass on his
upper back. He first noticed this mass 10 years ago. The
lesion had been growing rapidly for the previous five
months. Upon examination, the 16 × 17 cm pain less
non-tender mass was palpated on the trapezius muscle
(Figure 4). The lesion had occurred spontaneously and
was not associated with any history of trauma, and there
was no past history of a similar tumor any where on his
body. The tumor was not fixed to the underlying bones.
Magnetic resonance imaging showed the tumor had
infiltrated the underlying muscle with undistinguishable
borders (Figure 5). A wide excision of the tumor was
performed under general anesthesia. Muscle fibers that
had been infiltrated by tumor were excised widely. Re-
construction of the defect required a skin graft. The
histopathological analysis determined that the tumor was
a proliferative trichilemmal tumor. Allcut magrins were
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