Research Article Age-Dependent Increase of Absence Seizures and Intrinsic Frequency Dynamics of Sleep Spindles in Rats Evgenia Sitnikova, 1 Alexander E. Hramov, 2,3 Vadim Grubov, 2,3 and Alexey A. Koronovsky 2,4 1 Institute of the Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova Street 5A, Moscow 117485, Russia 2 Research and Educational Center “Nonlinear Dynamics of Complex Systems”, Saratov State Technical University, Saratov, Polytechnicheskaya Street 77, Saratov 410054, Russia 3 Faculty of Nonlinear Processes, Saratov State University, Saratov, Astrakhanskaya Street 83, Saratov 410012, Russia 4 Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Street 83, Saratov 410012, Russia Correspondence should be addressed to Evgenia Sitnikova; jenia-s@mail.ru Received 28 April 2014; Revised 1 June 2014; Accepted 2 June 2014; Published 23 June 2014 Academic Editor: Pasquale Striano Copyright © 2014 Evgenia Sitnikova et al. his is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. he risk of neurological diseases increases with age. In WAG/Rij rat model of absence epilepsy, the incidence of epileptic spike- wave discharges is known to be elevated with age. Considering close relationship between epileptic spike-wave discharges and physiologic sleep spindles, it was assumed that age-dependent increase of epileptic activity may afect time-frequency characteristics of sleep spindles. In order to examine this hypothesis, electroencephalograms (EEG) were recorded in WAG/Rij rats successively at the ages 5, 7, and 9 months. Spike-wave discharges and sleep spindles were detected in frontal EEG channel. Sleep spindles were identiied automatically using wavelet-based algorithm. Instantaneous (localized in time) frequency of sleep spindles was determined using continuous wavelet transform of EEG signal, and intraspindle frequency dynamics were further examined. It was found that in 5-months-old rats epileptic activity has not fully developed (preclinical stage) and sleep spindles demonstrated an increase of instantaneous frequency from beginning to the end. At the age of 7 and 9 months, when animals developed matured and longer epileptic discharges (symptomatic stage), their sleep spindles did not display changes of intrinsic frequency. he present data suggest that age-dependent increase of epileptic activity in WAG/Rij rats afects intrinsic dynamics of sleep spindle frequency. 1. Introduction Sleep spindles are well-known EEG phenomena that relect spontaneous rhythmic activity of thalamocortical neuronal network during non-REM sleep [1–3]. In vivo experiments demonstrated a close relationship between sleep spindles and epileptic spike-wave discharges (SWD) [4–6]. SWD are electroencephalographic (EEG) manifestation of absence epilepsy, and they are triggered by the cortex, opposite to sleep spindles, which are known to originate from the thalamus (reviewed in [7]). In comparison to sleep spindles, SWD are underlain by more intensive excitation and/or synchronization processes in thalamocortical network [7–9]. Previously we demonstrated that sleep spindles and SWD showed diferent time-frequency characteristics, as measured in the cortex and thalamus [10]. Intraspindle frequency is an important parameter char- acterizing intrinsic properties of thalamocortical network activity [11, 12] with respect to generation of autonomous oscillations. In healthy human subjects, the frequency of sleep spindles is known to vary from 10 to 16 Hz (e.g., [2, 12, 13]), and in animals (rats and cats) from 7 to 14Hz [1, 14]. Recently we compared time-frequency characteristics of the anterior sleep spindles in nonepileptic Wistar and epileptic WAG/Rij rats (genetic model of absence epilepsy) [15] and demonstrated that instantaneous frequency of sleep Hindawi Publishing Corporation Neuroscience Journal Volume 2014, Article ID 370764, 6 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/370764