Comparison of High Cycle Fatigue in 4340 and 300M Steels Welded with
Fiber Laser
Andreia de Souza Martins Cardoso
1,a
, Antonio Jorge Abdalla
1,b*
,
Carlos Antonio Reis Pereira Baptista
2,c
, Milton Sérgio Fernandes de Lima
1,d
1
Instituto de Estudos Avançados – IEAv Rod.Tamoios, Km 5,5, 12.228-001 – S. J. Campos, Brazil
2
Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Pólo Urbo-Industrial, 12600-970 Lorena, Brazil
a
bra_afs@hotmail.com,
b
ajorgeabdalla@gmail.com,
c
baptista@demar.eel.usp.br,
d
msflima@gmail.com
Keywords: ultra-high strength steels, laser beam welding, fatigue, microstructural characterization.
Abstract. AISI/SAE 4340 and 300M steel samples have been used in severe conditions where high
strength and toughness are necessary. Since there is a particular interest on these materials in the
aerospace industry, they are being used in aircraft landing gear, rocket engine vessels and satellite
launch vehicles. Therefore, the understanding of the weldability of these steel samples has been
subject to special interest. This study aims to evaluate and compare the microstructure and
mechanical strength of 4340 and 300M steels after bead-on-plate laser welding and tempering heat
treatments. The mechanical properties have been assessed by means of tensile and high-cycle
fatigue tests. The results showed that the welds have high hardness and small heat affected zones.
Nevertheless, there was not a decrease in the uniaxial tensile properties for the 300M and 4340
steels. The decrease in fatigue life due to the welding process, compared to the unwelded condition,
was small, indicating that the welding parameters are adequate and that this process is viable.
Introduction
The SAE 4340 steel can be classified as a HSLA (high strength low alloy) and has been widely
used in aerospace and automobile components as well as heavy equipments. The Brazilian studies
and developments gave rise to a modified version, called 300M steel, considered as a technological
evolution of the 4340 steel. Several properties of 300M steel are similar to 4340, except by for the
fact that the higher silicon content and the presence of vanadium increases the hardening depth,
hardenability and the solid solution decreases the tendency to softening at elevated temperatures[1].
Convenient mechanical properties, concerning toughness, tensile strength and fatigue life, for
4340 and 300M steels have been obtained by heat treatments. Earlier works, dealing with phase
transformation have resulted in the so called dual phase steels and later in the multiphase or
complex phase steels [2, 3]. These structures were obtained by means of intercritical or isothermal
heat treatments or by thermomechanical treatments and are currently used by the industries [4, 5].
The study of the weldability of these steels has been subject to special interest because there is a
loss in mechanical strength and ductility after conventional welding. There is a lack in literature
data about welding of these steels, particularly regarding to laser beam welding [6].
The formation of a hard martensite phase due to rapid cooling can cause brittleness. This
phenomenon can affect the mechanical properties, especially fatigue. To reduce these effects
tempering has been recommended [7, 8, 9]. Welding produces two distinct regions, the weld zone
and heat affected zone. In laser welding these regions are relatively small, reducing its negative
effects on the microstructure [10, 11].
In this work, results concerning the influence of the laser welding process on the microstructure
of the 4340 and 300M steel samples are presented.
Advanced Materials Research Vols. 891-892 (2014) pp 1507-1512
© (2014) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland
doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.891-892.1507
All rights reserved. No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of TTP,
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