Global Standards, Local Realities: Private
Agrifood Governance and the Restructuring
of the Kenyan Horticulture Industry
Stefan Ouma
Department of Human
Geography
Goethe University of
Frankfurt
Robert-Mayer-Straße 6-8
60325 Frankfurt
Germany
ouma@em.uni-frankfurt.de
Key words:
private standards
EUREPGAP
GLOBALGAP
export horticulture
governance
global value chains
markets
Kenya
abstract
Over the past decade, private food safety and quality
standards have become focal points in the supply
chain management of large retailers, reshaping gov-
ernance patterns in global agrifood chains. In this
article, I analyze the relationship between private
collective standards and the governance of agrifood
markets, using the EUREPGAP/GLOBALGAP stan-
dard as a vantage point. I discuss the impact of this
standard on the organization of supply chains of fresh
vegetables in the Kenyan horticulture industry, focus-
ing on the supply chain relationships and practices
among exporters and smallholder farmers. In so
doing, I seek to highlight the often-contested nature
of the implementation of standards in social fields
that are marked by different and distributed principles
of evaluating quality, production processes, and
legitimate actions in the marketplace. I also recon-
struct the challenges and opportunities that exporters
and farmers are facing with regard to the implemen-
tation of and compliance with standards. Finally, I
elaborate on the scope for action that producers and
policymakers have under these structures to retain
sectoral competitiveness in a global economy of
qualities.
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ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY 86(2):197–222. © 2010 Clark University. www.economicgeography.org