Volume 150, number 8,9 PHYSICS LETTERS A 19 November 1990
Induced correlations and partition statistics
in degenerated light beams
D. Costantini
Istituto di Statistica, Universit,~ di Genova, Corso Paganini 3, 16125 Genoa, Italy
and
U. Garibaldi
Centro CNR Fisica delle Superfici e delle Basse Temperature,
c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitiz di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
Received 15 June 1990; revised manuscript received 10 September 1990; accepted for publication 17 September 1990
Communicated by J.P. Vigier
Experimental results about partition statistics of optical photons are discUssed, introducing the notion of "exchangeable split-
ting process". A very perspicuous connection between the noise distribution and the induced correlation among particles in the
splitting process will be shown. A very simple description of the "interstatics regime" will be given, and an alternative suggestion
for the treatment of the noise will be proposed.
In a recent paper De Martini and Di Fonzo [ 1 ],
starting from a work of Tersoff and Bayer [2 ], have
shown experimentally that the statistical behaviour
of optical photons changes according to whether the
scattering probability over two channels is given by
a stationary cross-section or by a stochastic one.
De Martini and Di Fonzo have illustrated the the-
oretical part of their experiment as follows. A mono-
chromatic light beam, belonging to a field mode k,
in a chaotic state and with an average photon num-
ber per mode equal to (n), excites a beam splitter
which can be either in a stationary or in a stochastic
state, with a corresponding scattering cross-section
IV,. over the output modes i= 1, 2. The field density
operator is
:= ~ P(n) ~. p,mP,hlm, n-m)(n-h, hl,
n=O m,h~O
m and n- m being the photon numbers scattered over
the i modes. P(n) describes the statistics of the num-
ber operator of the beam, and P(m, n-m) = Ipnm[ 2
is the two-channel partition probability.
In the case of a stationary cross-section P(m,
n- m) is given by
P(m, n-m)=(n)w7 ' W~ -m , (1)
called by the authors "Maxwell-Boltzmann parti-
tion statistics".
In the case of a stochastic cross-section the param-
eters W~ are subjected to random fluctuations. As a
consequence P(m, n- m) is the average over all pos-
sible values of W~.
In the ease of symmetry between the two channels,
and no loss, the splitting distribution becomes
1
P(m,n-m)= xr"(1-x)"-"p(x)dx, (2)
0
where p (x) is a density function describing the noise
introduced at the splitter. The family of noise dis-
tributions is that of uniform symmetric distributions
p(x)=(x"-x') -1, x' ~x<~x",
= O, elsewhere,
0375-9601/90/$ 03.50 © 1990 - Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. (North-Holland) 337