И. ȼ. Ɇɚɧɡɭɪɚ (Кɢɲɢɧɟɜ) ɛɥɟɦɚɬɢɤɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɧɨ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɸɬ ɩɨɹɜ- ɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɜɟɬ ɢ ɩɨ ɫɟɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɣ ɬɟɪ- ɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ, ɡɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɬɨɦɤɚɦɢ ɞɪɟɜɧɢɯ ɢɧɞɨɟɜɪɨ- ɩɟɣɰɟɜ . Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɫɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɯ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɨɛɴ- ɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɜɨɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɤ ɧɟɤɨɝɞɚ ɟɞɢɧɨɣ ɢɧɞɨɟɜɪɨɩɟɣ- ɫɤɨɣ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢ , ɢɥɢ ɠɟ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɧɟɤɨɝɞɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɜɲɢɯ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ, ɡɚɩɟ- ɱɚɬɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɚɥɢɹɯ. ɇɚɫɬɨɹɳɚɹ ɫɬɚɬɶɹ ɜ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɟɬ АɊɏЕɈɅɈȽИə ɈɋɇɈȼɇɈȽɈ ɆИɎА* Ɍɚɤ ɡɜɭɱɚɬ ɦɧɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɨɜ ɨ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢɧɞɨɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ. ɗɬɢ ɦɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɵ, ɤɚɤ ɜɫɟ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɦɢɪɟ , ɫɨɬɤɚɧɧɨɦ ɢɡ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɣ. ȼɩɪɨɱɟɦ, ɫɚɦɢɯ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɨɜ ɦɚɥɨ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɫɤɟɩɬɢɱɟɫ- ɤɢɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɨɜ, Ɉɧɢ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɩɬɢ- ɦɢɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɵ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɜ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɢɧɞɨɟɜ- ɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ. ɋɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɬɨɦɭ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨ- Igor Manzura. The archaeology of basic myth. — The article is an attempt to consider archaeological data in the light of the basic Indo-European myth, after Vyach.Vs.Ivanov and V.N.Toporov (1974), or the myth of the second creation in the Vedic sources, after W.N.Brown (1942; 1965) and Ph.Kuiper (1975). The general research background of the analysis is based on the inference that the myth represents a definite well-structured model of the Indo-European universe in terms of its organisation and creation and as such it can be correlated with the structure of a funerary ritual reconstructed after archaeological record. The archaeological evidence comes from the small Chalcolithic cemetery (c.4300 B.C.) in the vicinity of the village of Giurgiule[ti on the Lower Danube (the Republic of Moldova). The cemetery consisted of five graves and two sacrificial features. The layout of the burials and features, distribution of sacrificial animals and grave goods as well as other attributes show very close relation of the cemetery to the structure of the basic Indo-European myth evidenced first of all in the Vedic and Avestian mythological traditions. It is like the myth that the ritual at Giurgiule[ti demonstrates the same pattern of basic binary oppositions including top–bottom, fire–water, south–north, sacral–secular, birth–death, etc. Moreover the ritual re- veals the same concept a threefold organisation of the ordered cosmos with clear distinctions between two visible worlds/heavens and the highest or invisible world/heaven. Furthermore according to the Giurgiuleºti data the ordered cosmos is opposed to the zone of unordered cosmos or primordial chaos duplicating the basic structural dichotomy of the Indo-Iranian cosmogony. It is besides the static aspect in the organisation of the cosmos that the ritual at Giurgiule[ti communi- cates the dynamics of the mythical plot in question. The latter narrates realising treasures hidden in a cave by a hero-demiurg and the creation of the ordered cosmos. It is shown that the motif of the destruction in this case is closely related to the idea of creative immolation. It is the main conclusion that a ternary system indeed was a basic principle in cosmogonic, teologic, ritual, and social representations of the Indo-Europeans. In general the system included two members of binary opposition and the third element as a relationship between the first two. “Ʌɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɧɚɦ ɧɢɤɚɤɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɬɨɬ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɢɧɞɨɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɪɨɞɵ ɧɚɱɚɥɢ ɡɚɫɟɥɹɬɶ ɬɟ ɚɪɟɚɥɵ, ɤɨ- ɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɟ ɫɬɚɧɭɬ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɦɢ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ. Дɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɷɬɨ- ɦɭ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɢɡ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɢ...” Robert S.P.Beekes “Comparative Indo-European Linguistics”. Amsterdam/Philadelphia, 1995. “Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɷɬɨɣ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɧɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɚ ɩɪɢɜɧɟɫɬɢ ɱɬɨ-ɧɢɛɭɞɶ ɧɨɜɨɟ ɜ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨ- ɬɨ-ɢɧɞɨɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɰɢɜɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ”. Bruce Lincoln “Priests, Warriors and Cattle”. Berkeley — Los Angeles — London, 1981. * Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɚɬɶɹ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɮɨɧɞɨɜ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɚ ɮɨɧ Ƚɭɦɛɨɥɶɞɬɚ ɢ Ɏɪɢɰɚ Ɍɢɫɫɟɧɚ.