747
The Utility of SPECT for
99mTc-MAA Hepatic Arterial
Perfusion Scintigraphy
Harvey A. 2
Richard L. Wahl1
Jack E. Juni1
John E. Gyves3
William D. Ensminger
James H. Thrall4
John W. Keyes, Jr.4
Suzette C. Walkers
Received February 4, 1985; accepted after re-
vision May 10, 1985.
I Department of Intemal Medicine, Division of
Nuclear Medkne, lkiiversity of Michigan Medical
Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.
2 Present address: Division of Nuclear Medicine,
Georgetown lhiiversity Medical Center, 3800 Res-
ervoir Rd., NW., Washington, DC 20007. Address
reprint requests to H. A. Ziessman.
3 Department of Internal Medicine, Division of
Hematology/Oncology, Wiversity of Michigan Med-
ical Center, Ann Arbor, Ml 48109.
4 Department of Radiology. Henry Ford Hospital,
Detroit, MI 48202.
AJR 145:747-751, October 1985
0361-803X/ 85/1 454-0747
© American Roentgen Ray Society
The utility of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) for hepatic
arterial perfusion scintigraphy was evaluated in 86 patients(91 studies). Previous reports
have shown planar studies to be valuable for the clinical management of patients
receiving intraarterial chemotherapy and more reliable than angiography in determining
blood flow distribution. However, overlying areas of intra- and extrahepatic perfusion
can sometimes make interpretation of these two-dimensional images difficult. Since
SPECT has the potential to depict the three-dimensional distribution of perfusion,
separate out overlying activity, and improve contrast resolution, SPECT Tc-MAA perfu-
sion studies were compared to planar studies. Planar and SPECT studies both demon-
strated the extent of hepatic and tumor perfusion, although occasionally SPECT added
additional information SPECT was most useful in confirming or excluding extrahepatic
perfusion that was suspected but not definite on planar studies. Extrahepatic abdominal
perfusion was found to be present in 11 (12%) of 91 studies. All patients with confirmed
extrahepatic perfusion who received intraarterial chemotherapy had symptoms of drug
toxicity compared to only a 23% incidence in those without evidence of extrahepatic
perfusion (p < 0.001). This report demonstrates that SPECT can improve the qualitative
interpretation of hepatic arterial perfusion studies.
Technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin (Tc-MAA) hepatic arterial perfusion
scintigraphy has proven valuable in the clinical management of patients receiving
intraarterial chemotherapy for primary and metastatic liver cancer [1 -3]. A good
response to chemotherapy requires perfusion of the entire tumor-bearing liver. A
component of extrahepatic abdominal perfusion can result in less drug delivered
to the tumor as well as increased gastrointestinal and systemic exposure and
resultant toxicity [1 J. Overlying areas of intra- and extrahepatic perfusion can
sometimes make interpretation of these two-dimensional images difficult [4, 5].
Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) has the potential to depict
the three-dimensional distribution of perfusion, separate out overlying activity, and
improve contrast resolution. We review our experience using SPECT for hepatic
arterial perfusion scintigraphy.
Materials and Materials
Patient Population
Ninety-one SPECT Tc-MAA hepatic arterial perfusion studies performed on 86 patients
between 1 981 and 1984 were reviewed. All had biopsy-proven primary or metastatic liver
cancer. Seventy-eight patients had totally implanted infusion systems. The rest had percuta-
neously placed intraarterial catheters. The age range was 31 -74 years (mean, 58). The
neoplasms were distributed as follows: adenocarcinoma of the colon (68), carcinoid (six),
primary hepatocellular carcinoma (three), cholangiocarcinoma (three), pancreatic adenocarci-
noma (two), and islet cell (two), ovarian (one), and breast (one) cancers. All patients had
visceral angiography and planar #{176}‘Tc sulfur colloid (Tc-SC) liver-spleen scans. Twenty-six
(30%) had SPECT Tc-SC studies.