Volume 4 • Issue 2 • 1000191 J Trop Dis ISSN: 2329-891X JTD, an open access journal Research Article Open Access Anuradha et al., J Trop Dis 2016, 4:2 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2329-891X.1000191 Research Article Open Access Journal of Tropical Diseases J o u r n a l o f T r o p ic a l D is e a s e s & P u b l i c H e a l t h ISSN: 2329-891X Efficacy of Mosquito Repellent and Adulticidal Activities of Halophila Ovalis Extract Against Filaria Vectors Anuradha V 1 , Syed Ali M 2* , Yogananth N 2 1 PG & Research Department of Biochemistry, Mohamed Sathak College of Arts & Science, Sholinganallur, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India 2 Department of Biotechnology, Mohamed Sathak College of Arts & Science, Sholinganallur, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India *Corresponding author: Syed Ali M, PG & Research Department of Biotechnology, Mohamed Sathak College of Arts & Science, Sholinganallur, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India, Tel: 00919842052929; E-mail: syedmicro555@gmail.com Received November 04, 2015; Accepted December 07, 2015; Published December 14, 2015 Citation: Anuradha V, Syed Ali M, Yogananth N, (2015) Eficacy of Mosquito Repellent and Adulticidal Activities of Halophila Ovalis Extract Against Filaria Vectors. J Trop Dis 4: 191. doi:10.4172/2329-891X.1000191 Copyright: © 2015 Anuradha V, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Keywords: Halophila ovalis; Culex quinquefasciatus; Mosquito; Repellent Introduction Mosquito vectors are essential for understanding vector-borne disease transmission dynamics among human populations because patterns of genetic structure and pathogen transfer through vector populations [1, 2]. In India alone 25 million people sufer from ilariasis [3]. Dengue is prevalent in more than 100 countries and threatens the health of approximately 2.5 billion people. Around 80 million people are infected annually at an attack rate of 4% worldwide [4]. he mosquito control continues to be an important strategy in preventing the mosquito-borne diseases [5]. Diseases that are healthcare associated transmission of viruses to human from mosquitoes are an expanding problem in tropical and subtropical regions [6]. Currently, most insecticides are non-selective and can be harmful to other organisms and to the environment [7]. he activity of crude plant extracts is oten attributed to the complex mixture of active compounds [8]. Repeated use of synthetic insecticides for mosquito control has disrupted natural biological control systems and led to resurgences in mosquito populations [9]. In view of the residue problems in the environment and development of insect resistance to synthetic insecticides like DDT and chlorinated hydrocarbons [10]. Development of resistance to commercial acaricides by parasites has stimulated the search for new control strategies [11]. Plant parts have been provided as a good source of novel drug compounds [12]. However, mosquitoes have successfully adapted to most plant based insecticides by becoming physiologically or behaviorally resistant to them [13]. Marine biodiversity provides important sources of chemical compounds, which have many therapeutic applications such as antimicrobial, infertility and anticancer activities [14]. Seagrasses are one of the most important marine resources of the world and being used as animal feed and raw material for many industries. For centuries, seagrass has been of botanical and pharmaceutical interest [15]. Various surveys have shown that seaweeds are an excellent source of constituents such as polysaccharides, tannins, lavonoids, phenolic acids, bromophenols, carotenoids and exhibited diferent biological activities [16]. he objective of this present study was to evaluate larvicidal, repellent and adulticidal activities of Halophila ovalis extracts against Culex quinquefasciatus. Materials and Methods Plant materials Fresh sample of Halophila ovalis was collected from Mandapam, Ramanathapuram District, Tamil Nadu of south east coast of India (Latitude 9° 45′ N and longitude 79° 13′ E). he collected samples were washed in seawater to remove sand, mud and all epiphytes, thrice with tap water and twice with distilled water to remove the adhering salts. he samples were dried at room temperature and were ground separately into powder using a miller before extraction of the crude seaweed extract. Extract preparation he seagrass powder was boiled in ethanol and distilled water mixture (7:3 v/v) at 55°C for 2 h using a soxhlet apparatus under reduced pressure. he iltrate was condensed by evaporating to a minimal volume at 45ºC and then freeze-dried (-80ºC). he extract obtained was referred to as crude seaweed extract. he percentage of extraction was calculated by using the following formula, Weight of the extract Percent of extraction= ----------------------------- ×100 Weight of the plant material he extract preparation was done by following the method of Ali et al., [12] with slight modiication. Abstract The repellent and adulticidal activities were analyzed for ethanol extract of Halophila ovalis against Culex quinquefasciatus (Cx. quinquefasciatus). The extraction was done in soxhlet apparatus using ethanol as solvent. The repellent activity of the Halophila ovalis was determined against Culex quinquefasciatus in different concentration of the extract at 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 µL/cm 2 . Adulticidal activity of the Halophila ovalis extract was tested against four to ive day old female adults of Culex quinquefasciatus. The adult mortality was observed 24h under the laboratory conditions. Each experiment was conducted with the three replicates and a concurrent control group. As per the WHO guidelines, the experiments were conducted. At 250 µL of concentration extracts of Halophila ovalis showed maximum repellency percentage of 95% against Culex quinquefasciatus. The highest adulticidal activity was observed in 100 µL concentration against Culex quinquefasciatus with LC 50 were (50.2 ± 0.7) µL/ml and (51.2 ± 0.9) µL/ml. The GC-MS reveals unique chemical compounds obtained from the extract of Halophila ovalis. The present study identiies the active insecticidal compounds from Halophila ovalis by GC-MS and from the results it can be concluded the extract of Halophila ovalis can be novel eficient biocontrol source against ilariasis mosquitoes.