Use of Silane Agents and Poly(propylene-g-maleic
anhydride) Copolymer as Adhesion Promoters in Glass
Fiber/Polypropylene Composites
D. BIKIARIS,
1
P. MATZINOS,
1
A. LARENA,
2
V. FLARIS,
3
C. PANAYIOTOU
1
1
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Thessaloniki, 54006 Thessaloniki, Greece
2
Departamento de Ingenieria Quimica Industrial, Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad
Politecnica de Madrid, Jose Guetierrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
3
Huntsman Corporation, 118 Huntsman Way, Longview, Texas 75603
Received 24 January 2000; accepted 26 September 2000
Published online 3 May 2001
ABSTRACT: Two organofunctional silanes and a copolymer were used to increase the
interfacial adhesion in glass fiber polypropylene (PP) reinforced composites. The per-
formance of the coupling agents was investigated by means of mechanical property
measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and dynamic mechanical analy-
sis. The increased adhesion between the glass fibers and PP matrix observed with SEM
resulted in an improvement of the mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of
the composites. Coupling achieved with the copolymer poly(propylene-g-maleic anhy-
dride) (PP-g-MA) proved to be the most successful compared with 3-aminopropyltrime-
thoxysilane and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. The combination of PP-g-MA with the
silanes resulted in further property improvements because of the ability of the MA
groups to react with the amino groups of the silanes. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl
Polym Sci 81: 701–709, 2001
Key words: polypropylene; glass fiber; silane; copolymer; adhesion
INTRODUCTION
Glass fiber reinforcement provides an attractive
means of enhancing the mechanical and thermal
properties of polymers required for engineering ap-
plications. Incorporation of short glass fibers in
thermoplastic matrices imparts stiffness, strength,
and thermal stability to these materials with some
sacrifice of strain to failure.
The importance of good adhesion between the
fiber and matrix has long been recognized. Good
adhesion between the fibers and matrix results in
efficient stress transfer from the continuous poly-
mer matrix to the dispersed fiber reinforcement
and can increase the ability of the material to
absorb energy.
1,2
The development of methods for controlling the
interfacial adhesion between chemically and physi-
cally different, incompatible phases has been the
subject of considerable research efforts. It is well
known that interfacial agents, such as organofunc-
tional silane compounds, are capable of promoting
adhesion in fiber reinforced plastics. It has also
been demonstrated that for some types of compos-
ites and polymer blends the concept of adhesion is
operationally the same. For instance, graft or block
polyolefin copolymers can be equally effective as
Correspondence to: C. Panayiotou (cpanayio@mailhost.
ccf.auth.gr).
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 81, 701–709 (2001)
© 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
701