ABSTRACT. Does Christian faith matter in business?
If so, how does it affect the way executives handle
managerial issues, especially the ones that are ethically
controversial? This paper reports a study of Chinese
Christian executives in Hong Kong. The researchers
followed an approach known as the Critical Incident
Technique and conducted in-depth interviews with
119 Chinese Christian executives over a two year
period from 1999 to 2001. Each interview covered
four broad areas consisting of the interviewee’s
description of his or her Christian faith, business
experience, reported critical incidents and general
remarks on faith and work. For each reported critical
incident, the interviewee deliberated on the incident
and its background, his or her response, the rationale
behind the response and its consequences. Each
interview was tape recorded for transcription and
analysis. The major contribution of this study is to
propose and document a typology of the executives’
responses to ethical challenges in business. The
typology is based on earlier work on Christ and
culture (Niebuhr, 1951; Siker, 1989) and styles of
negotiation (Lewicki et al., 2001; Rubin et al., 1994).
Preliminary research findings indicate that the
proposed typology is an effective paradigm. It has the
promise of enabling Christian executives to reflect
critically on their ethical behavior and to guide their
thought towards more effective responses to ethical
challenges.
KEY WORDS: business culture, Christ, Christian
executives, Hong Kong
Introduction
This paper reports a study of Chinese Christian
executives in Hong Kong. The purpose of the
study is to determine the effectiveness of
Christian witness in the marketplace. It is an
exploratory study that adopts an inductive
approach to understanding some of what has
been happening in the marketplace. The reflec-
tion is based on interviews with 119 Chinese
Christian executives who provided their personal
experiences as a database for reflection and
theorizing. There were two criteria for inclusion.
First, those invited to participate are known to
uphold a serious Christian commitment. This
qualifies them as “Christian.” Secondly, those
participating have in-depth business and man-
agement experience. This qualifies them as
“executives.”
The research methodology is the Critical
Christ and Business Culture:
A Study of Christian
Executives in Hong Kong
Journal of Business Ethics 43: 103–110, 2003.
© 2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands.
Kam-hon Lee is Professor of Marketing at The Chinese
University of Hong Kong. His research areas include
business negotiation, cross-cultural marketing, marketing
ethics, social marketing and tourism marketing. He
obtained his Ph.D. in Marketing at Northwestern
University. Professor Lee has published in Journal of
Marketing, Journal of Management , Journal of
Business Ethics, and other refereed journals. He also
serves on the editorial boards of various international and
regional journals.
Dennis P. McCann is the Wallace M. Alston Professor of
Bible and Religion at Agnes Scott College in Decatur,
Georgia. McCann’s research interests include compar-
ative religious ethics, business and economic ethics, and
Christian social thought. McCann received his Ph.D.
from the University of Chicago Divinity School in
1976. The author of several books and numerous
articles, he is a former member of the Editorial Board
of The Journal of Religious Ethics (1981–1996).
MaryAnn Ching is Special Project Staff of Hong Kong
Professional & Educational Service, Ltd., a non-profit
organization that sponsors business ethics projects among
other professional and educational programs in Asia. She
obtained her MBA in Management at California State
University, Sacramento.
Kam-hon Lee
Dennis P. McCann
MaryAnn Ching