Praveen et al Int. J. Rec. Biotech.2016, 4 (3): xx-xx Copyright © August, 2016; IJRB 1 A Review on the Zoonotic Aspects of Anthrax Praveen Kumar Praveen 1 , Subha Ganguly 2 *, Rajesh Wakchaure 3 and Kinkar Kumar 4 1 Assistant Professor, Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, 2 Associate Professor, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, 3 Associate Professor, Department of Animal Genetics & Breeding, Arawali Veterinary College (Affiliated with Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner), N.H.- 52 Jaipur Road, V.P.O. Bajor, Sikar - 332001, Rajasthan, India; 4 Subject Matter Specialist, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Pupari, Sitamarhi - 843320, Bihar, India *Corresponding Author E-mail: ganguly38@gmail.com Received: 12.08.2016 | Revised: 20.08.2016 | Accepted: 22.08.2016 INTRODUCTION Distribution in animals: Anthrax is known since ancient time affecting the herbivores. The cases are distributed worldwide. Majority of this are reported in livestock in Africa, Asia and middle east. It is endemic in parts of Russia, France and India. Strict legislations have significantly decreased the incidence of Western Europe, Australia and North America. In India, animal anthrax has been reported from most of the states. It is widespread in Tamil nadu. Restricted to certain endemic areas in other state like West Bengal, Orissa, Bihar etc. Its incidence during during 1981-1994 raised from 1.5 – 9.5 per million population among cattle, sheep, goats and buffaloes. Cutaneous anthrax accounts for 95.99% of human cases throughout the world. Endemic in Middle East Asia [1-3]. TRANSMISSION 1. By inhalation 2. By contact 3. By ingestion 1. By contact Man is mostly affected from contaminated wool, hair, hide, skin and muscle or blood. Most common site are face, neck and back. The cutaneous anthrax caused by contamination of wool. 2. By inhalation Pulmonary anthrax or wool sorter’s disease may form with inhalation spores during handling of contaminated wool, hair etc. The symptoms mostly start with sudden runs a swift fatal cores. It appears as an atypical pneumonia followed by signs of cardiac failure. The intestinal anthrax caused by ingestion of infected material being carried into intestinal tract give rise to fever, vomiting, pain, dyspnea and cyanosis and haemorrhagic enteritis, which are highly fatal [4,5]. DIAGNOSIS 1. Smear from cutaneous lesions and stain with polychrome methylene blue stai and will exhibit International Journal of Recent Biotechnology Available online at www.ijrbp.com IJRB ISSN: 2322 – 0392 Int. J. Rec. Biotech.2016, 4 (3): 1-2 Review Article ABSTRACT Anthrax is an infectious disease of herbivorous animals like cattle, sheep, goat, horses, elephant, rhinoceros etc caused by Bacillus anthracis and transmissible to man causing direct anthropozoonosis. The source of infection to man are from tissues of diseased or dead animals, contaminated hairs, wool, hides associated with infected animals and soil contaminated with spores. Keywords: Anthrax, Bacillis anthracis, Epidemiology, Transmission