9 Prevention and control of postoperative nausea and vomiting in post-craniotomy patients L.H.J. Eberhart * MD Professor of Anaesthesiology A.M. Morin MD, PhD Anaesthesiologist Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstraße, D-35033 Marburg, Germany P. Kranke MD, PhD Assistant Professor of Anaesthesiology Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Wu ¨rzburg, Germany N.B. Missaghi MD Anaesthesiologist M.E. Durieux MD, PhD Professor of Anaesthesiology Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Virginia, USA S. Himmelseher MD, PhD Assistant Professor of Anaesthesiology Klinik fu ¨r Ana ¨sthesiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universita ¨t Mu ¨nchen, Germany Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are the most frequent side-effects in the postop- erative period, impairing subjective well-being and having economic impact due to delayed discharge. However, emetic symptoms can also cause major medical complications, and post-craniotomy patients may be at an increased risk. A review and critical appraisal of the * Corresponding author. Tel.: þ49 6421 28 62945; Fax: þ49 6421 28 66996. E-mail address: eberhart@staff.uni-marburg.de (L.H.J. Eberhart). 1521-6896/$ - see front matter ª 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 575–593, 2007 doi:10.1016/j.bpa.2007.06.007 available online at http://www.sciencedirect.com