1 THE TEMPORALIZATION OF DIFFERENCE
Continental Philosophy Review 34: 1–20, 2001.
© 2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands.
The temporalization of difference: Reflections on Deleuze’s
interpretation of Bergson
GIOVANNA BORRADOR1
Department of Philosophy, Vassar College, 124 Raymond Avenue, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604
USA
Abstract. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of Deleuze’s interpretation of Bergson,
based on his largely ignored 1956 essay, “Bergson’s Conception of Difference.” In this es-
say, Deleuze first attacks the Hegelian tradition for misunderstanding the notion of differ-
ence by reducing it to negation and then uses Bergson’s concept of duration – a flow of
purely qualitative mental states – to formulate a notion of difference utterly “internal” to
itself, that is, irreducible to negation. The paper argues that this temporalization of difference
represents a permanent feature of Deleuze’s philosophy-one particularly visible in his highly
influential book on Nietzsche – and concludes that Deleuze’s Nietzsche therefore appears
molded by a Bergsonian imprint.
Introduction
Compared with the universally acknowledged ancestors of poststructuralism
– Freud, Nietzsche, Heidegger, and Saussure – Henri Bergson’s influence
has been mostly ignored. Whenever his presence is mentioned, it has been
accounted for in two ways: either as an isolated chapter within Gilles Deleuze’s
series of monographs on individual Western thinkers;
1
or as an outgrowth of
Deleuze’s study on Nietzsche. Those who take the latter view interpret
Bergsonism, his study on Bergson, to be largely influenced by Nietzsche.
2
In
contrast to these views I claim that Bergson has had a significant effect on
poststructuralism in general, an effect mediated by the constitutive role played
by Deleuze’s reading of Nietzsche, which, in turn, is shaped by a profoundly
Bergsonian inspiration.
The hinge of my argument will be one of Deleuze’s least known essays,
entitled “Bergson’s Conception of Difference,”
3
which attests to Deleuze’s
interpretation of Bergson well before his encounter with Nietzsche.
4
A care-
ful examination of this essay will allow me to pick out what Deleuze draws
from Bergson and imports into Nietzsche: I have called it the temporalization
of difference. If my argument holds, not only will the standard interpretation
of Deleuze’s Nietzsche have to be revised
5
but it would provide an explana-