ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
DMPA Use Above the Age of 35 in
Thai Women
Surasak Taneepanichskul,* Damrong Reinprayoon,* and Sukhit Phaosavadi*
A prospective study of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate
(DMPA) use in women aged above 35 years was conducted
in Bangkok, Thailand. The objectives of the study were to
evaluate efficacy, continuation rate, and side effects of
DMPA use in these women. A total of 60 women were
enrolled in a one-year clinical trial. Their mean age was 38
years. Most of them had completed primary school. No
accidental pregnancies occurred throughout the 1-year use
in this study. The continuation rate was 20%. Irregular
bleeding was the major cause of termination. The major
side effect was also irregular bleeding. Nevertheless,
DMPA in older women is a safe and effective contracep-
tive. DMPA is a contraceptive akterbatuve fir women aged
above 35 with contraindications to combination oral
contraceptives. CONTRACEPTION 2000;61:281–282 © 2000
Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
KEY WORDS: DMPA, older women
Introduction
T
he contraceptive methods applicable in
women above 35 years should be subjected to
special consideration. During this period, fer-
tility decreases due to a decrease in sexual activity,
number of ovulatory cycles and an increase in abor-
tion.
1
Pregnancy above age of 35 involves an in-
creased risk to both mother and fetus.
1,2
As a conse-
quence, women need absolutely efficacious
contraceptives. Depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate
(DMPA), an injectable progestogen, is an effective
contraceptive used in many parts of the world.
3
How-
ever, there have been few studies on DMPA use in
older reproductive-aged women.
4
The purpose of this
study was to evaluate efficacy, continuation rate and
side effects of DMPA use in women above 35 years
during an one-year follow-up period.
Materials and Methods
The study was conducted at the Family Planning
Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology,
Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University,
Bangkok. A cohort of 60 healthy women aged be-
tween 36 and 45 years was enrolled in the study.
Criteria for entry into the study included multiparity,
normal medical history, no contraindication against
DMPA use, normal physical and pelvic examination,
normal Pap smear, no prior use of hormonal contra-
ceptive, and no recent history of pregnancy or breast-
feeding. All subjects voluntarily chose DMPA after
counseling and received 150 mg of DMPA within 5
days after the onset of menstruation. The interval
between injections was 12 weeks. At the outset,
history-taking, physical, and pelvic examination were
performed including Pap smear, blood pressure, and
body weight measurements. Women were scheduled
for follow-up visits every 12 weeks for DMPA injec-
tion. At the follow-up visits, physical examination
with blood pressure and body weight measurements
were routinely performed. Subjective complaints
were recorded on questionnaire forms. The period of
follow-up was one year. All data were collected,
coded, and analyzed by the investigators. The SPSS/
PC
++
(Chicago, IL) for Windows
®
statistical package
program was used to analyze the data with a personal
computer. Statistical values employed are mean,
standard deviation, Student’s t-test, and a 95% confi-
dence interval (CI). The level considered significant
was at 0.05.
Results
DMPA was used by 60 women above 35 years of age
for a total of 468 women-months. The characteristics
of the subjects are summarized in Table 1. Of the 60
women who received the initial injection of DMPA,
48 discontinued for various reasons during the study
and 12 women were continuing to use DMPA at the
1-year follow-up. The 12-month continuation rate for
these women was 20%. The reasons for discontinuing
DMPA use are shown in Table 2. The most common
side effect was irregular bleeding; details are depicted
*Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chula-
longkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
Name and address for correspondence: Dr. Surasak Taneepanichskul,
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chula-
longkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. Tel: 66-256-4241; Fax: 66-254-
9292
Submitted for publication November 8, 1999
Revised January 18, 2000
Accepted for publication February 10, 2000
© 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN 0010-7824/00/$20.00
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