ORIGINAL PAPER Sol–gel synthesis of IPTES and D10H consisting fluorinated silane system for hydrophobic applications Esin Burunkaya • Nadir Kiraz • O ¨ mer Kesmez • Meltem Asilturk • H. Erdem C ¸ amurlu • Ertug ˘rul Arpac ¸ Received: 9 October 2009 / Accepted: 28 June 2010 / Published online: 7 July 2010 Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010 Abstract In this study, new fluorinated silane system was prepared by adding hydroxyl terminated Fluorolink D10H oligomer to 3-isocyanatopropyltrietoxysilane. The obtained silane system was independently composed with 3-Glyci- dyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and 3-Glycidyloxy-propyl- triethoxysilane. Then the prepared two different coating solutions were applied to glass surface by spin-coating method. The chemical bonding between groups in system was investigated by FTIR analysis. The elemental com- position of coatings was determined by using EDX anal- ysis. Their structure and surface properties were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force micros- copy, contact angle measurement and UV–vis spectro- photometer. The amounts of fluorine on the coatings prepared with IPTES-D10H-GLYEO and IPTES-D10H- GLYMO were 33 and 34 %wt, respectively. Transparent coatings with smooth surface and uniform thickness were obtained. The coatings had nanoscale roughness. The contact angles of coatings for water were range from 103° to 110°, and for n-hexadecane were range from 59° to 62°. Keywords Sol–gel process Á Hydrophobicity Á Oleophobicity Á Coatings Á Fluorinated silane 1 Introduction Hydrophobic surface has attracted considerable attention because of various practical applications such as wind- shields of automobiles, dust-free and self-cleaning surface for solar cells, satellite dishes, building walls and roof glasses, photovoltaic, exterior architectural glass and green house, heat transfer surfaces in air conditioning equipment. Hydrophobicity of a surface depends on two main factors which are the chemical composition and the geometrical microstructure of the surface [1]. Research on the hydrophobic surfaces can be classified basically into two groups. First group deals with the coat- ing of surfaces with materials with lower surface energy and the other group deals with the increment of surface roughness. Hydrophobic surfaces can be obtained by coating the relevant surface either directly with low surface energy materials or after mixing these with other com- pounds or by polymerization of organic/inorganic species on the surface. By incorporation of the two methods, superhydrophobic surfaces can be prepared. It is well known that fluorinated compounds are low surface energy materials. When fluorinated compounds are applied to any surface, fluoromethyl (–CF 3 ) groups are uniformly arranged on surface and the surface energy is effectively reduced to as low as 6 mJ/m 2 [2, 3]. Only a very small quantity of fluorinated compound is needed to obtain E. Burunkaya Á N. Kiraz Á O ¨ . Kesmez Á E. Arpac ¸ Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Chemistry, Akdeniz University, 07102 Antalya, Turkey M. Asilturk (&) Faculty of Science and Art, Departmant of Chemistry, Prof. Dr. Hikmet Sayılkan Research and Development Laboratory for Advanced Materials, _ Ino ¨nu ¨ University, 44280 Malatya, Turkey e-mail: masilturk@inonu.edu.tr H. Erdem C ¸ amurlu Department of Mechanical Engineering, Akdeniz University, 07058 Antalya, Turkey E. Burunkaya Á N. Kiraz Á O ¨ . Kesmez Á E. Arpac ¸ NANOen R&D Ltd., Antalya Technopolis, Akdeniz University Campus, 07102 Antalya, Turkey 123 J Sol-Gel Sci Technol (2010) 56:99–106 DOI 10.1007/s10971-010-2281-y