Journal of Fluency Disorders 28 (2003) 219–236 Evidence-based treatment of stuttering: III. Evidence-based practice in a clinical setting  Marilyn Langevin ∗ , Deborah Kully Institute for Stuttering Treatment & Research (ISTAR), 3rd Floor, 8220 114 Street, Edmonton, Alta., Canada T6G 2P4 Received 3 April 2003; received in revised form 25 April 2003; accepted 28 April 2003 Abstract At the heart of evidence-based practice in stuttering treatment are four issues: (1) the collection of data to inform treatment; (2) the long standing concern with maintenance of treatment gains; (3) the need to demonstrate accountability to clients, payers and our profession as service providers; and (4) the desire to advance theoretical knowledge. This article addresses the first three of these issues from a practical point of view, illustrating how data collection for stuttering treatment outcome research in a clinical setting is intimately blended with that required for clinical purposes and providing an example of a process of evaluating data for clinical and research purposes. Educational objectives: The reader will learn about and be able to (1) differentiate be- tween treatment outcome and treatment efficacy research, (2) describe models for integrat- ing data collection for treatment outcome and clinical purposes, and (3) utilize guidelines for treatment efficacy that are applicable to outcome research to evaluate data for use in treatment outcome studies and to design outcome studies. © 2003 Published by Elsevier Inc. Keywords: Treatment accountability; Routine data collection; Documentation guidelines; Treatment outcomes  This paper expands on a presentation made by the first author at the 2002 ASHA Annual Con- vention. ∗ Corresponding author. Tel.: +1-780-492-2619; fax: +1-780-492-8457. E-mail address: marilyn.langevin@ualberta.ca (M. Langevin). 0094-730X/$ – see front matter © 2003 Published by Elsevier Inc. doi:10.1016/S0094-730X(03)00040-8