proceedings of the
american mathematical society
Volume %, Number 3. March 1986
THE MAXIMUM MODULUS PRINCIPLE
FOR CR FUNCTIONS
ANDREI IORDAN
Abstract. Let M be a CR submanifold of C" without extreme points. Then, the
modulus of any CR function on M cannot have a strong local maximum at any
point of M.
Preliminaries. Let M be a smooth manifold embedded as a locally closed real
submanifold of C". We denote by dM the tangential Cauchy-Riemann operator on
M induced by the Cauchy-Riemann operator 3 on C" and with HT (AÍ) the
holomorphic tangent space to M at a point p g M.
Let us recall some of the definitions and results of [4].
Definition 1. dM obeys the local maximum modulus principle on M if given any
open connected set U in M and any u differentiable in U such that dMu = 0 on U,
then u cannot have a (weak) local maximum at any point of U unless u is constant
ont/.
Definition 2. We call a point p g M an extreme point of M if there exists a local
holomorphic coordinate system z = (z,,..., zn) in a neighborhood U of p such that
z(p) = 0 and M n U C {z\yl > 0}. Here we assume that locally near p, M is not
contained in any CA for k < n.
Definition 3. (i) For any p g M and X g HT (M) set Z = X - iY, where
Y = JX e HT^(M) and J is the multiplication with (-1)1/2 which defines the
complex structure on R2".
The Lev i form at p assigns to Z the normal vector L (Z) defined by L (Z) =
Bp(X, X) + Bp(Y, Y), where Bp is the second fundamental form of M at p.
(ii) We denote N (M) as the normal space of M at p.
For any | G Np(M) the map Lp defined by L\{Z) = (Lp(Z), £> is called rft<?
Levi form of M at p in the £ direction. Here ( , ) represents the real inner product in
R2".
We assume that p = 0 and codimRM = q. Then in a neighborhood £/ of the
origin there are smooth real functions px,...,pq such that dpY A • • • Adpq^0 =£0
and
Mn/7= (zG f/|Pl(z)= ••■ =P(/(z) = 0}.
We may assume that i/p,(0),..., dpq(Q) are orthonormal.
Received by the editors September 27, 1984 and, in revised form, March 13, 1985.
1980 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 32F25.
©1986 American Mathematical Society
0002-9939/86 $1.00 + $.25 per page
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