Pergamon Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 10 (1999) 1019–1023
Synthesis of non-racemic nitrogen-containing diselenides as
efficient precursor catalysts in the diethylzinc addition to
benzaldehyde
Claudio Santi
a
and Thomas Wirth
b,*
a
Istituto di Chimica Organica Università degli Studi, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
b
Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
Received 23 February 1999; accepted 10 March 1999
Abstract
Short synthetic procedures for the preparation of new chiral, non-racemic nitrogen-containing diselenides are
described. Only 1 mol% of these diselenides can very efficiently catalyze the diethylzinc addition to benzaldehydes
affording the secondary alcohols in high enantiomeric purities (up to 97% ee). © 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All
rights reserved.
The enantioselective addition of dialkylzinc reagents to aldehydes can be catalyzed by a large variety
of chiral compounds affording optically active secondary alcohols.
1
Detailed mechanistic studies have
also been performed.
2
Diols, diamines and amino alcohols were found to be highly efficient catalysts for
this reaction. Recently, it has been shown that both sulfur-
3
and selenium-containing
4
amines are also
able to catalyze diethylzinc addition reactions.
We observed a positive nonlinear relationship (asymmetric amplification) between the enantio-
meric excesses of the catalyst generated from nitrogen-containing diselenides and the product.
4c
This
phenomenon
5
was subsequently also observed in the corresponding sulfur-containing compounds.
3e
By
NMR studies we demonstrated that the catalyst derived from 1 is aggregated and acts as a bidentate
ligand.
4c
In this paper we report on efficient and simple routes for the synthesis of new chiral non-racemic
nitrogen-containing diselenides as procatalysts for diethylzinc addition to benzaldehyde.
*
Corresponding author. E-mail: wirth@ubaclu.unibas.ch
0957-4166/99/$ - see front matter © 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
PII: S0957-4166(99)00090-7