Emotions and Two-Wheeler Riding:
Perspectives of College-Going Youth Riders
Seema Mehrotra, Paulomi M. Sudhir, Manoj K. Sharma, Neelima Chakraborty,
Rajeev Joseph Michael, Rajesh Kumar and Humera Banu
NIMHANS, Bangalore
Motorized two-wheeler riders are one among the most vulnerable Indian road users.
However, there is limited research on psychological factors that are likely to inluence
riding behaviours of youth. The present paper focuses on exploring and documenting
emotional states associated with two-wheeler riding in urban Indian youth. The study
sampled 1,650 youth, aged between 17-30 years, from 30 educational institutes in
Bangalore and Delhi. A Riding Survey developed during the pilot phase was used for
data collection. Positive emotional states were commonly reported to be associated
with riding and a sense of freedom was one of the commonest factors that were linked
to the same, from the perspectives of the youth. Other than commuting, riding for fun
(54%) and riding for relaxation (30%), relief from boredom (22%) and getting away from
distress (17%) were endorsed as some of the reasons for taking out the two-wheeler..
Seeking a sense of power and control, seeking joy, seeking relief from anger or feeling
upset were reported by varying proportions of young riders as some of the reasons for
speeding. This exploratory survey highlights an urgent need for addressing the role
of emotions in preventive intervention programs that target young two-wheeler riders.
Keywords: Aggressive riding, Road safety, Two-wheeler riders, Emotions on roads.
© Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology
July 2016, Vol.42, No.2, 272 - 280.
A major proportion of motor vehicles on the
Indian roads, especially in metropolitan cities
comprise of motorized two-wheelers (Singh,
2012). Indian statistics reveal that two-wheeler
riders are amongst the most vulnerable road
users and get into road trafic injuries very often;
these mostly involve young drivers (Dandona, &
Mishra, 2004; Gururaj, 2005, 2008). More than
one third of fatal and nearly half of non-fatal road
trafic injuries involve two-wheeler riders in India
and the majority of the injured are in the age
range of 20–30 years (Gururaj & BRSIPP, 2011).
These igures underscore the need to examine
various factors implicated in road-safety of two-
wheeler riding in Indian youth.
While behavioural factors such as speeding
have been widely recognized as some of the
key factors in inluencing road trafic accidents
(Mehrotra, Sharma &Sudhir, 2008; Dandona,
Anil Kumar, &Dandona, 2006), there is a paucity
of published research on the same in India,
especially with reference to young two-wheeler
riders. The role of personality as well as socio-
cognitive variables in risky two-wheeler riding
was examined in a sample of Italian adolescents
(Falco, Piccirelli,Girardi, Corso & De Carlo,
2013). Risk perception emerged as an important
mediator between personality, social norms
and riding behaviours. In a qualitative study
of male motorcyclists from Iran (Bazargan-
Hejazi, Zamani-Alavijeh, Hindman, Mohamadi
& Bazargan, 2013), it was noted that different
kinds of rationalizations were used to justify risky
riding such as practical needs, perception of
competence, and utility in avoiding road crashes
as well as positive experiences such as thrill
and peer recognition. An analysis of narrative
text from Coroners’ records, based on thirty-
four road trafic collision fatalities among young
people in England uncovered themes such
as social driving, driving experience, interest
in motor vehicles, perception of driving ability,
and emotional distress (Pilkington, Bird, Gray,
Towner, Weld & McKibben, 2014).
Negative emotions experienced during
driving (e.g. frustration, anger, jealousy, and