autism © 2011
SAGE Publications
and The National
Autistic Society
Vol 15(2) 205–222; 352180
1362-3613(2011)
Teaching children with autism
how to respond to the lures
of strangers
NURGUL AKMANOGLU Research Institute for the
Handicapped,Anadolu University,Eskisehir,Turkey
ELIF TEKIN-IFTAR Research Institute for the Handicapped,
Anadolu University,Eskisehir,Turkey
ABSTRACT A multiple probe design was used to assess the combined
effects of videomodeling, graduated guidance and community-based
instruction for teaching children with autism how to protect them-
selves from the lures of strangers. Parental opinions were also assessed
in the study.Three children with autism (aged 6 to 11 years) partici-
pated in the study. Data indicated that videomodeling with graduated
guidance and community-based instruction was effective for teaching
children with autism how to protect themselves from the lures of
strangers. Also it can be seen that participants maintained the acquired
skill over time and applied it to novel settings. Furthermore, general-
ization was maintained over time. The parents of the participants
reported positive opinions regarding the aims, procedures, and results
of the study. Based on an evaluation of the findings, implications and
future research needs are discussed.
ADDRESS Correspondence should be addressed to: NURGUL AKMANOGLU ,
Engelliler Arastirma Enstitusu,Anadolu Universitesi, Eskisehir,Turkey, 26470. e-mail:
nakmanoglu@anadolu.edu.tr
According to The State of the World’s Children report (UNICEF, 2005), 1.200.000
children are kidnapped or missing every year.Therefore, ensuring children’s
safety is, and should always be, a concern for parents, teachers, and society.
Gast, Collins,Wolery, and Jones (1993) indicate that teaching safety skills is
planned for students who are receiving transition planning services. There-
fore, teachers of these students should seek possible ways to teach personal
safety. Safety skills can be defined as preventive or reactionary verbal or
nonverbal behaviors which establish or maintain the safety of a person.
While preventive safety skills serve to avoid potentially dangerous situa-
tions prior to them occurring, reactionary safety skills allow escape from
or termination of presently occurring situations (Clees and Gast, 1994).
KEYWORDS
safety skills;
autism;
graduated
guidance;
video
modelling;
community-
based teaching
205
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DOI: 10.1177/1362361309352180