KONSEPSI JIHAD DALAM KONTEKS KEHIDUPAN MODERN Prof. Dr. H. Idri Shaffat Dosen Pascasarjana UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya Abstract: Recently, the term of jihad has been used by certain people for improper purposes. If at the time of the Prophet and the classical Islamic period, jihad meant as an effort to uphold and fight for Islam with a wealth, soul, body, mind, and deeds, nowdays certain people have been understanding and applying this term in the form of terror. They understand it solely as 'the holy war' against the unbelievers with paradise as a reward for martyrs who died for it. In the name of jihad, in this decade there are many bombings in Indonesia and other hemisphere. Bomb terrors not only occur in non-Muslim countries but also in Muslim countries which also cause Muslim victims. The question then is what are their actions really the jihad as it is desired and thought by Islam? To answer this question, this paper tries to explain the concept of jihad in the perspective of two scholars who live in contemporary era, namely Sayyid Sabiq and Abu Bakr Jabir al-Jazayri by examining definition of jihad concept, legal basis and implementation of jihad, categories of jihad, and orientation of jihad understanding in the context of modern life. Through this study it is expected that the solution of jihad formulation in the context of modern life can be clarified and resolved. Keywords: jihad, perang, perjuangan, muslim, kafir, the holy war, konsep, implementasi A. Pendahuluan Semenjak terjadinya aksi terorisme di Indonesia yang telah menelan banyak korban karena aksi pengeboman di berbagai tempat baik di Jakarta maupun Bali, istilah jihad menjadi landasan justifikatif-teologik bagi pembenaran gerakan terorisme itu. Dalam berbagai kesaksian-testimonik, para teroris mengklaim bahwa apa yang mereka lakukan merupakan jihad suci memerangi kekufuran dan orang-orang kafir, terutama orang-orang Barat yang sedang berada di Indonesia. Melalui pengakuan para teoris itu, istilah jihad kemudian menimbulkan persepsi berkonotasi negatif-destruktif, dan bahkan menakutkan. Hal ini disebabkan karena penggunaan istilah jihad selalu dikaitkan dengan tindak kekerasan seperti pengeboman, kerusuhan sosial, pengerusakan, penjarahan, pembunuhan, dan sentimen agama serta etnik. Secara historis, di Indonesia, penggunaan istilah jihad sudah lama dikumandangkan. Di era sekitar dasawarsa 1970-1980-an, misalnya, masyarakat mengenal sebutan ‘komando jihad’, sebuah term yang menggambarkan gerakan aksi- revolusioner. Tidak dapat dipastikan apa dan mengapa faktor yang melatarbelakangi sebutan ini, demikian pula apakah dibuat oleh kelompok yang bersangkutan, ataukah penamaan oleh pihak luar, atau pihak-pihak ketiga yang ingin memperoleh keuntungan 1