Nursing and Health 3(2): 31-38, 2015 http://www.hrpub.org
DOI: 10.13189/nh.2015.030201
The Rise of the Nursing Academic Leader:
Pathways to Deanship
Lesley Wilkes
1,*
, John Daly
2
, Wendy Cross
3
, Debra Jackson
4
1
Centre for Nursing Research and Practice Development- University of Western Sydney, Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District,
Nepean Hospital, Australia
2
Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Australia
3
School of Nursing & Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Australia
4
Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, UK
Copyright © 2015 Horizon Research Publishing All rights reserved.
Abstract Purpose: This paper aims to describe the
education and career pathways of a group of nursing deans in
the late 20th and 21st centuries. The study explores nursing
deans to understand the career development process and to
develop recommendations for succession planning. Methods:
A qualitative interview captured the oral histories of 30
nursing deans from Canada, United Kingdom and Australia
in 2011 and 2012. Career and educational pathways were
mapped, tabulated and exemplars used to emphasise key
education and career decisions. Results: Findings show that
there are four distinctive pathways to becoming a nursing
dean and these are: 1. Same university pathway: Clinical
work to teaching and thence the promotion and leadership in
education route and pursuit of deanship in the same
institution; 2. Different university pathway: Clinical work to
teaching thence the promotion and leadership in education
route and pursuit of deanship at a different institution in the
same country; 3. Different country pathway: Clinical work to
teaching thence the promotion and leadership in education
route and pursuit of deanship at a different institution in
different country; and 4. Health pathway: Clinical work to
clinical management to dean route. Conclusion: The career
and educational pathways of the 30 deans described will
inform aspiring deans and highlight the importance of
doctoral qualifications, management experience and
leadership qualifications. Importantly, these aspirants need
to determine the particular institutional culture into which
they aspire to commit to becoming a dean of nursing.
Keywords Academic Dean, Career Pathway,
Qualitative Research
1. Introduction
Much of the research on deanship is conducted in the
United States of America (USA) where there are predictions
of a looming decline in candidates for deanships in the next
ten years.[1, 2] This shortage is also forecast for academic
nursing deans.[3, 4] The reasons for this have been attributed
to burnout, retirement of senior education administrators and
the reluctance of faculty to make the transition to senior
administrative positions.[1] Similar predictions have been
made for nursing deanship candidates and nurse educators in
Europe and the USA.[5] For the purposes of this paper, we
define deanship as a senior member of the academic staff
heading a nursing faculty/school and responsible for faculty
personnel and nursing programs within a university.
There is general agreement that senior nursing academic
administrators are needed to meet the demands of the 21st
century and to achieve sustainable leadership capacity.
However, there is an imbalance in the demand and supply of
people with suitable skills.[3] Green and Ridenour [6] have
emphasised that shaping a career in academic administration
in nursing requires careful consideration by prospective
candidates because of the trajectory to the role of dean, and
the extent of the challenges associated with the role.
However, little has been documented regarding the journey
of nurses to academic deanship. This paper reports the
findings of a qualitative study of the career pathways of
nursing deans in three countries.
Many routes lead to deanship, [6] and traditionally, Deans
have been considered to be teachers and scholars first and
administrators second.[7] Deans may have prior experience
in leadership roles in education at a university but usually
have little formal training.[8] Indeed, the need for formal
training may not be essential, as deans themselves have
reported that the most valuable preparation for the role is past
administrative experience.[9] However, with major changes
in universities’ operating environments predicted, with
flatter structures, changing funding models, budgetary
constraints and demands for entrepreneurial competence,[7]
modifications to career pathways for future deans may
become essential.
Various pathways to the deanship have been described in