Slavonic and East European Review, 94, 4, 2016 REVIEW ESSAY Muslims and Modernity in the Russian Empire ALEXANDER MORRISON Tuna, Mustafa. Imperial Russia’s Muslims: Islam, Empire, and European Modernity, 1788–1914. Critical Perspectives on Empire. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York, 2015. xiii + 276 pp. Illustrations. Notes. Bibliography. Index. £64.99: $99.99. Ten years ago you could still count the number of English-language monographs on the Muslims of the Russian empire on the fingers of one hand: Adeeb Khalid’s pioneering work on the jadid reformers of Central Asia, Virginia Martin’s book on the Kazakhs of the Middle Horde, Allen Frank’s detailed study of the Tatars and Kazakhs of the Novouzensk district, Jeff Sahadeo’s study of Colonial Tashkent and Robert Crews’s attempt at a comprehensive survey of Muslim relations with the tsarist state were more or less the only book-length studies of the subject. 1 Today the field, if not yet overpopulated, can certainly be described as mature, with a depth and sophistication of scholarship which at last begins to bear comparison with the history of Muslims under British or French imperial rule. We are now starting to see the fruit of what we might call the second generation of American PhD dissertations on the subject, with works by Elena Campbell, Ian Campbell, Rozaliya Garipova, Eileen Kane, James Alexander Morrison is Professor of History at Nazarbayev University, Kazakhstan. 1 Adeeb Khalid, The Politics of Muslim Cultural Reform: Jadidism in Central Asia, Berkeley, CA, 1997; Allen J. Frank, Muslim Religious Institutions in Imperial Russia: The Islamic World of Novouzensk District and the Kazakh Inner Horde, 1780–1910, Leiden, 2001; Virginia Martin, Law and Custom in the Steppe: The Kazakhs of the Middle Horde and Russian Colonialism in the Nineteenth Century, Richmond, 2001; Robert Crews, For Prophet and Tsar: Islam and Empire in Russia and Central Asia, Cambridge, MA, 2006; J. F. Sahadeo, Russian Colonial Society in Tashkent, 1865–1923, Bloomington, IN, 2007.