G iliz Ger and Russell W. Belk
I'd Like to Buy the World a Coke:
Consumptionscapes of the "Less
Affluent World ''1
ABSTRACT. The impact of globalization on the consumption patterns of the Less
Affluent World are examined, drawing on examples of consumer culture contact with
the More Affluent World. We find that rising consumer expectations and desires are
fueled by global mass media, tourism, immigration, the export of popular culture,
and the marketing activities of transnational firms. Yet rather than democratized
consumption, these global consumption influences are more apt to produce social
inequality, class polarizations, consumer frustrations, stress, materialism, and threats
to health and the environment. Alternative reactions that reject globalization or temper
its effects include return to roots, resistance, local appropriation of goods and their
meanings, and especially creolization. Although there is a power imbalance that favors
the greater influence of affluent Western cultures, the processes of change are not
unidirectional and the consequences are not simple adoption of new Western values.
Local consumptionscapes become a nexus of numerous, often contradictory, old, new
and modified forces that shape unique consumption meanings and insure that the
consumption patterns of the Less Affluent World will not result in Western consumer
culture writ globally.
In 1990 the $15 million World of Coca Cola museum opened in the
ubiquitous bottler's corporate headquarters city, Atlanta, Georgia. It
immediately began to draw a million visitors a year. The theme of
this polished and well-presented museum is symbolized by the twelve
and a half ton Janus-faced Coca Cola logotypes ("Coke"/"Coca Cola")
rotating inside the hollow globe that dominates the facade of the
museum. The globe announces that Coke pervades the world and is
its axis as well as its gyroscopic source of equilibrium. Inside, this
theme is further developed in such a way as to make clear that Coke
is a magical elixir that has brought its particular salvation to even
the most exotic and remote cultures of the Less Affluent World.
Visitors see numerous foreign advertisements for Coke as well as
photographs situating Coke aboard camels in Egypt, bicycles in
Indonesia, and long-tailed hang yao boats in Thailand. One of the focal
spectacles in the museum is an eight and a half by fifteen foot high-
definition television depicting the 1991 creation of the "Hilltop
Journal of Consumer Policy 19: 271-304, 1996.
© 1996 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands.