Educational Research and Review Vol. 2 (12), pp. 315-320, December 2007
Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/ERR
ISSN 1990-3839 © 2007 Academic Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Equity in the distribution of bursary to secondary
school students in Busia district, Kenya
Stephen O. Odebero
1
, Anthony K. Sang
1
, Joseph N. Bosire
1
and Lucas A. Othuon
2
1
Department of Curriculum, Instruction and Education Management, Egerton University, P. O. Box 536, Egerton,
Kenya.
2
Department of Psychology, Maseno University, P.O. Private Bag, Maseno, Kenya.
Accepted 12 November, 2007
This study sought to find out the opinion of the head teachers on equity of the established criteria in
bursary support for the needy. It was done in the District’s 27 secondary schools with the total student
enrolment of 5780. All the 190 students (3.3% of the total enrolment) who had received bursaries from
1999 - 2002 in the district were included in the study. Another saturated sample of 27 head teachers was
included in the study. Data was collected using questionnaires, in-depth interview schedules and
document analysis. The study used Lorenz curves and Gini coefficients to measure equity in bursary
distribution. Findings show that bursary allocations in the district were inequitably distributed for all the
years studied. It further reveals that the bursary award criteria were largely not effective in identifying and
benefiting the most needy students. It recommended that there is need to review the criteria for the
selection of the students with financial need. The study further recommends mounting of workshops and
seminars for stakeholders to educate those in charge of disbursements on key items within the
disbursement process so as to eliminate ambiguities in the criteria.
Key words: Access to secondary school education, equity, bursary, Lorenz curve, Gini coefficient.
INTRODUCTION
Kenya is in the category of countries, which have chosen
a capitalist path to development, but at the same time,
subscribing in its policy statements commitments to
socialist principals. The Sessional Paper No. 10 of 1965
(Republic of Kenya, 1965), which provides guidelines
about the aims of Kenyan society, point out the most
systematic policy statements on Kenyan egalitarian
principles to be persued within the framework of African
Socialism. In the Development Plan of 1979 - 1983, the
government stated that during this period the educa-
tional opportunities would have to be substantially im-
proved to reach target groups such as the pastoralists,
small scale farmers, landless rural workers and urban
poor (Republic of Kenya, 1979).
According to Gravenir (1991), the amount of money
allocated for recurrent expenditure in education in
1987/1988 was 55 times what it was in 1963/1964, and
that for development expenditure in education during the
*Corresponding author E-mail: sodebero@yahoo.co.uk.
same year it was 72 times. According to the govern-
ment’s estimates of 1987/1988 financial year, education
took over 40% of the total government expenditure
(Republic of Kenya, 1989). Such scenario is of concern
as stated in the National Development Plan of 1989-
1993 where it was posited that if this claim of the educa-
tional sector on national resources was allowed to conti-
nue along the same trend, it would seriously reduce the
resources available to meet the growth targets set out in
the plan (Republic of Kenya, 1989).
However, as the budgetary allocation to the Ministry of
Education, Science and Technology continued to
increase, there was a general observation that access
and participation levels in secondary schools by the
needy had not kept pace (Kinyanjui, 1991). Claims have
been advanced that although government expenditures
on education are high; it rarely benefits the most needy
and that most students with exemplary performance in
Kenya Certificate of Primary Education Examination are
unable to proceed to secondary schools because their
poor parents can hardly afford the required fees (Odalo,
2000) required fees (Odalo, 2000). Government of Ken-