Strength and Microstructural Performance of Nano-SiO2 Gel (NSG)
Infused Alkaline Activated Ground Blast Furnace Slag-Ultrafine Palm Oil
Fuel Ash (AAGU) Based Mortar
YUSUF, Moruf Olalekan
1, 3, a
, MEGAT JOHARI, Megat Azmi
1, b
,
AHMAD, Zainal Arifin
2, c
and MASLEHUDDIN, Mohammed
3, d
1
School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
2
School of Material and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong
Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
3
Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
a
moy12_civ023@student.usm.my,
b
cemamj@eng.usm.my,
c
zainal@eng.usm.my,
d
muddin@kfupm.edu.sa
Keywords: Compressive-Strength; SEM+EDX; FTIR; POFA; GBFS; Nano-Silica.
Abstract. The aim of this paper is to study the performance of infused nano-SiO
2
gel (NSG) on the
developed alkaline activated binary blending of ground blast furnace slag (GBFS) and ultrafine
palm oil fuel ash (UPOFA) based mortar (AAGU) using the constant mass of combined activators
(10 M NaOH
aq
+Na
2
SiO
3aq
(Ms = SiO
2
/Na
2
O=3.3)). The methods include using the 3-day
compressive strength and microstructural characterization (SEM+EDX and FTIR) criteria. The
finding revealed that the compressive strength of the mortar increased with NSG and the maximum
strength achieved was 57.3 MPa signifying 21% strength gain compared to NSG-free sample. The
NSG also played the role of microcracks and pore fillings, increased the product homogeneity and
reduced its amorphousity due to silicate re-organization but has no effects on Si-Al substitution.
Introduction
In Malaysia and Thailand, palm oil production has left behind a huge amount of palm oil fuel ash
(POFA) as solid wastes, so much that, there is need to find a means of disposing it safely to ensure a
healthy environments. For instance, Malaysia produced about 3 million tons of POFA in 2007
while the annual production in Thailand was reported to be 0.1 million ton [1]. One of the ways to
utilize these materials is in the mortar or concrete productions having identified it to be
pozzolanic[2]. POFA can be processed or treated to enhance its aluminosilicate property [3, 4] by
combining it in binary with another aluminosilicate materials such as the ground blast furnace slag
(GBFS) in the development of alkaline activated binder (AAB). The strength and durability of such
AAB can be enhanced by incorporating inorganic sources of Ca, Al and Si [5-7].This study
observed the effect of nano-SiO
2
gel on the GBFS+UPOFA based AAB, and the results showed that
the NSG improves the strength, homogeneity and amorphousity of the binder products.
Materials and Methods
Materials: Ultrafine palm fuel ash (UPOFA) and ground blast furnace slag (GBFS)
Palm oil fuel ash (POFA) was obtained at Malaysian Southern Steel Company while Blast
furnace slag (BFS) was collected from United Palm Oil Industry, Malaysia. The raw materials were
first heated at 105
o
C + 5
o
C for 24 hrs to remove the inherent moistures. This was then followed by
screening off debris materials using 600 and 300 µm sieve. The BFS was ground for 16 hrs to
obtain the ground BFS (GBFS) while POFA was first ground for 8 hrs and then later milled for
additional 8 hrs after 90 mins calcination at 500
o
C + 50
o
C, to obtain ultrafine POFA (UPOFA).
The milling was done with mechanical rotating steel drum rotating at 180 rpm and contained 150
balls of different sizes ranging from 6 mm to 32 mm.
Advanced Materials Research Vol. 856 (2014) pp 280-284
Online available since 2013/Dec/06 at www.scientific.net
© (2014) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland
doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.856.280
All rights reserved. No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of TTP,
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