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Acquisition of relations between the conceptual
and linguistic dimensions of linearization in
descriptive text composition in grades five to nine:
A comparison with oral production
Monik Favart* and Jean-Michel Passerault
Centre de Recherche Sur la Cognition et l’Apprentissage, CNRS, Universite ´ de
Poitiers, Poitiers, France
The present study looked at how children establish a relationship between the
conceptual and linguistic dimensions of linearization in descriptive text composition.
Written productions were compared with oral ones. French-speaking participants,
drawn from the fifth, seventh, and ninth grades, produced both a written and an oral
description of a picture divided up into five clusters of specific units. This material made
it possible to distinguish between the macro-structural and micro-structural levels of
the resulting productions. The conceptual dimension of linearization was levelled out:
participants were only selected if their texts reflected the hierarchical structure of the
referent, successively describing the five clusters. The linguistic dimension of
linearization was tested by comparing the use made of connectives in both modalities
and analysing punctuation marks and speech pauses according to the modality. We
established a specific classification for the analysis of spatial connectives, distinguishing
between absolute and relative connectives. As expected, the proportion of texts
reflecting the hierarchy of the referent increased through grade levels. From fifth grade
onwards, and in both modalities, this hierarchy was marked by appropriate linguistic
devices: at the macro-structural level, absolute spatial connectives were mainly used, as
well as strong punctuation marks in writing and longer pauses in speech. At the micro-
structural level, relations were mainly marked by relative spatial connectives. A grade
level effect was observed, mainly in the written texts. However, results showed that, in
writing as well as in speech, the management of the linguistic component of discourse
linearization was, to a considerable degree, determined by the conceptual one.
When producing a discourse, the writer has to deal with the critical issue of
linearization, which covers both the conceptual choices that have to be made when
ordering ideas (Levelt, 1981) and the linguistic specification of the relationship between
* Correspondence should be addressed to Dr Monik Favart, Centre de Recherche Sur la Cognition et l’Apprentissage,
Universite ´ de Poitiers, Poitiers 86000, France (e-mail: monik.favart@univ-poitiers.fr).
The
British
Psychological
Society
107
British Journal of Educational Psychology (2009), 79, 107–130
q 2009 The British Psychological Society
www.bpsjournals.co.uk
DOI:10.1348/000709908X289981