Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks: New Challenges in Carpooling and Parking Services Amit Kumar Tyagi Research Scholar Department of CS&E, Pondicherry Engineering College, Puducherry-605014, India. amitkrtyagi025@gmail.com Sreenath Niladhuri Professor Department of CS&E, Pondicherry Engineering College, Puducherry-605014, India. nsreenath@pec.edu Abstract- Now a days, a new kind of ad hoc network is hitting the streets/roads called Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs). In ad hoc networks, vehicles communicate with each other and possibly with a roadside infrastructure for example Road Side Unit (RSU), Certified Authority (CA), etc. to provide a long list of applications varying from transit safety to driver assistance and Internet access. In case of using Global positioning system (GPS) and RSU, vehicle driver used Social networking (internet technologies) to park their vehicle in a safe and secure area and with this, provide carpooling services to multiple users form similar or different locations. Around the world, people mostly prefer public transportation to move around places. But when oil prices are decreasing, most of the people prefer riding via their own vehicles. Which increases the total number of vehicles on road, also leads to several problems like, congestion, environmental degradation, parking and energy problems. On other side, the industrialization of the world, increase in population, slow paced city development and mismanagement of the available parking space has resulted in parking related problems. This work mainly focuses on carpooling and parking problems to reduce the number of vehicles on road. Different approaches and techniques to solve these issues emerged which address fields of emission reduction, increase efficiency of vehicle energy alternative, decrease road density with care of safety and comfort, etc. This work discusses various emerging drifts and elaborates on one of the ways to reduce the vehicular density and emission. During this work, we have identified carpooling as one such solution to provide user, flexibility in time, enjoyable, efficient and safe and secure ride. Also this paper will be able to reduce the problems which are arising due to unavailability of a reliable, efficient parking space. Keywords: Vehicular Ad hoc Networks; Location Privacy; Trust; Carpooling; Parking; Benefits; Challenges. I. INTRODUCTION A number of interesting and desired applications of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) have been stimulating the development of a new kind of ad hoc network i.e. Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs). In these networks, vehicles are equipped with communication equipment [1] that allows them to exchange messages with each other in Vehicle-to-Vehicle communication (V2V) and also to exchange messages with a roadside network infrastructure (Vehicle-to-Roadside Communication – V2R). A number of applications are envisioned for these networks. Some of which are already possible in some recently designed vehicles are vehicle collision warning; security distance warning; driver assistance; cooperative driving; cooperative sharing, cooperative cruise control; dissemination of road information; Internet access; map location; automatic parking and driverless vehicles. Accessing the physical location of a vehicle driver/passenger using GPS or any other device/method breach the privacy and trust barriers between driver and passengers (during carpooling), between car owner and service provider (during parking). Several researchers find out various types of Cyber Transportation Systems (CTS) which are: • On-Road Advertisement Scheduling and Delivery • New Taxi Dispatch and Rideshare Services i.e. Taxi Dispatch with Cruising Guidance and Rideshare System with Transfer-Allowed • Streaming Video Delivery Using Heterogeneous Networks • Notify jamming problem or traffic management problem/ An automated navigated system • Parking availability information system This work discusses about the localization requirements of a number of VANET’s applications (for example, ridesharing system, parking availability system etc.). Carpooling (or ridesharing or pool’ up) is a scheme according to which several people share a common vehicle simultaneously, in order to reach common, or nearby destinations. After reaching at final destination, every vehicle user needs parking to park his vehicle. Parking systems help drivers to find vacant parking spaces when they are already on the network. The carpooling problem has been approached from diverse points of view [2] i.e. “how to match between people to share a ride”, and to decide “who picks up whom with their vehicle”? So that it will be worthwhile (a challenging task) both for the driver and all the passengers. Similarly in parking, “How to find perfect safe, secure and privacy persevered area” to park their vehicles also a challenging task for vehicle users. In carpooling, even if we assume that every driver can pick up at least one (but maximum four, in case of female passenger, it can be max. one) passenger. Again finding total passengers during pool up is NP problem. Because we do not know much about passengers during pool up i.e. “who he is and what about his character etc.”? Some people want to travel with their age’s passenger or habits or areas/street only. Non- smoker does not want to travel with smokers or female passengers do not prefer traveling with young age male persons. Similarly, no user wants to park his vehicle just like that i.e. without security in a street/market. Similarly finding a secured and privacy preserved parking area for small amount of time (for 1 or 2 hours) faced several challenges. Here parking situation can be arises into two ways: • A person who is driving his own vehicle and finding a parking space • A driver who is carrying or providing ridesharing to several customers and finding a parking space after get down of all passengers For above both issues, trust and privacy matter but in different way like for a single person trust is no more required during his Vol. 14 CIC 2016 Special Issue International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security (IJCSIS) https://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ ISSN 1947-5500 International Conference on Advances in Computational Intelligence and Communication (CIC 2016) Pondicherry Engineering College, Puducherry, India October 19 & 20 - 2016 13