Hardware implementation of the Encoder
Modified Mid-band exchange coefficient technique
(MMBEC) based on FPGA
Mohamed E. Elhadedy, Ahmed H. Madian, Hassan I.
Saleh, Mahmoud A. Ashour
Radiation Engineering Department, NCRRT,
Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority,
Cairo, Egypt.
Mohy A. Aboelsaud
Faculty of Engineering,
Mansoura University
Mansoura,Egypt
Abstract- In this paper, the modified mid-band exchange
coefficient (MMBEC) image watermark technique has been
realized on FPGA platform. This technique is implemented
on xilinx XCV800 –pq240 chip and Lab-view software as
graphical user interface. The MMBEC technique utilizes
49% of the chip area and operating maximum frequency of
36 MHz. A performance comparison between the software
and hardware implementations has been discussed. It
declared that the hardware implementation improves the
execution time 7 times faster than the software.
I. INTRODUCTION
Digital watermarking has become an integral part of
multimedia because the internet has increased the amount
and ease of public access to copyrighted materials.
Protected materials can be downloaded or obtained by
other methods and used without the consent of the
copyright holder [1,2,3,4]. Digital watermarking allows
ownership of the copyright to be established. Two basic
styles of watermarking are used. Visible watermarking
embeds an image such as a company logo into the image
to be protected. The watermark is meant to be seen by
anyone viewing the image, but in such a way that it does
not interfere too drastically with the image itself.
Additional discussion of visible watermarking can be
found in [5,6,7]. Invisible watermarking embeds an image
into another so that the viewer is unable to see the
watermark [8,9]. The aim of this paper is presented the
hardware design and implementation of insertion
operation in MMBEC technique based on FPGA.
II. Hardware Design of Watermark Insertion in
MMBEC Technique
Modified mid-band exchange coefficient technique
MMBEC technique [10, 11] is an improvement of the
classical MBEC technique [12] which is used to embed
watermark in host image. Fig.1 shows the complete
architecture for the entire watermark insertion in MMBEC
technique, which includes four main hardware operative parts,
which implement the 2D-DCT calculation, Inserter, Adjuster
and 2D-IDCT calculation [11].
Fig.1. Architecture of Watermark Insertion in MMBEC
Technique
The first part 2D-DCT block contains two operative
parts, which implement the 1-D DCT calculation (The
modified Loeffler’s technique [11, 13]), transpose memory
that transpose data between the two passes of 1-D DCT as
shown in Fig.2 and Fig.3. Data transfer between the operative
parts done by using pipeline fundamental as shown in Fig.4.
The second part, inserter block is to embed the
watermark object into the host image after calculating the 2-D
DCT confidents without making any distortion on the host
image. The mechanism of the inserter block includes two
arrays of registers, two Multiplexers 2 x 1, swap generator
component as shown in Fig.5., AND gate, NAND gate and a 3
bits counter.
978-1-4244-1847-3/07/$25.00 ©2007 IEEE IEEE ICM - December 2007