Presented at the 2nd Membrane Science and Technology Conference of Visegrad Countries (PERMEA), Polanica Zdroj,
Poland, 18–22 September 2005.
0011-9164/06/$– See front matter © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Desalination 198 (2006) 303–309
Application of a dynamic model for predicting flux decline
in crossflow ultrafiltration
María Cinta Vincent Vela*, Silvia Álvarez Blanco, Jaime Lora García,
Enrique Bergantiños Rodríguez
Chemical and Nuclear Engineering Department, Polytechnic University of Valencia,
C/Camino de Vera s/n 46022 Valencia, Spain
Tel. +34 (96) 387-7000, ext. 76383; Fax: +34 (96) 387-7639; email: mavinve@iqn.upv.es
Received 3 November 2005; Accepted 22 January 2006
Abstract
A semi-empirical crossflow ultrafiltration (UF) model that can predict permeate flux as a function of time for
different operating conditions was considered. Model predictions were analysed and compared with the experimental
results obtained in a crossflow UF plant under different operating conditions. The crossflow UF experiments were
performed under different transmembrane pressures and crossflow velocities. Tubular ceramic membranes supplied
by Orelis (France) were used. The molecular weight cut-off of the membranes was 15 kg/mol. They consisted of a
TiO
2
–ZrO
2
active layer on a carbon support. Polyethylene glycol with a 35,000 g/mol molecular weight was used
as a standard macromolecule in the UF experiments to test the model. A solute concentration of 5 g/L was
considered. Model predictions were better for low crossflow velocities.
Keywords: Crossflow ultrafiltration; Modelling; Flux decline; Fouling
1. Introduction
The non-steady nature of ultrafiltration (UF)
processes is caused by fouling of the membranes.
The fouling phenomenon is the main limiting
factor in the application of membrane tech-
*Corresponding author.
nologies and is responsible for flux decline. It
reduces the permeate production and increases
the complexity of membrane processes because
the process needs to be frequently stopped for
membrane cleaning to reestablish the permeate
flux. The high cost of cleaning operations is the
main drawback of UF processes [1].