ILSEVIER
PII: S0032-3861 (97)00034-7
Polymer Vol. 38 No. 20, pp. 5169-5172, 1997
~ 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd
Printed in Great Britain. All rights reserved
0032-3861,/97/$17.00 + 0.00
Functionalization of 1,2-polybutadiene
by ruthenium complex catalysed coupling
with vinylsilanes
Bogdan Marciniec*, Mariusz Lewandowski and Cezary Pietraszuk
Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, 60-780 Poznat~, Poland
and Zenon Foltynowicz
Faculty of Commodity Science. Pozna6 University of Economics, 60-967 Pozna6, Poland
(Received 29 July 1996; revised 4 January 1997)
Vinyl groups, i.e. 1,2-units of polybutadiene in the presence of various ruthenium complexes at elevated
temperatures undergo an effective reaction of dehydrogenative coupling with vinyltrisubstituted silanes to
yield silyl substituted units. This is a new type of functionalization of unsaturated polymers. The reaction
products are identified by 1H and 13C n.m.r, and FTI.r. spectroscopies as well as g.p.c, methods. © 1997
Elsevier Science Ltd.
(Keywords: 1,2-polybutadiene;coupling; vinylsilane)
INTRODUCTION
Degradation of polymers with CH=CH bonds in the
chain to low-molecular-weight products via olefin
metathesis has been predominantly applied for the study
of crosslinked structure 1'2. Experimental procedure
involves investigation of the degradation products by
3
g.c.-m.s, method . This method was applied to identify
network structures in 1,4-polybutadiene after the reac-
tion with dicumyl peroxide in solution 4. Copolymers of
5 5
1,3-butadiene with styrene, propene, divinylbenzene/
ethylvinylbenzene7, acrylonitrile 8-, vinyltrimethylsilane 2
and divinyldimethylsilane ~ have also been investigated.
Cross-metathesis of unsaturated polymers with alkenes
(mostly ethylene, octene) leading to oligomers, occurs
in the presence of classical Mo and W catalysts 1-8. Silyl
olefins, mainly allylsilanes, were used by Wagener in
ADMET depolymerization of 1,4-polybutadiene to yield--
in the presence of well-defined Schrock catalyst--
perfectly difunctional (f = 2.0) telechelic polybutadiene
oligomers according to Scheme 19,10:
in ADMET (de)polymerization in the presence of Mo
and W catalyst 12'~3, on the contrary, they can be used for
the reduction of the molar mass of polymers 14.
On the other hand, divinylsubstituted silanes 15 and
siloxanes 16 appeared very reactive in the new type of
polycondensation reaction catalyzed by ruthenium and
rhodium complexes, giving unsaturated polymers accord-
ing to Scheme 2.
Recently, mechanistic evidence has been found (using
monovinylsilanes) in support of the fact that the reaction
occurs not via metathetical conversion (cleavage of the
C---C bond), but via dehydrogenative silylation of olefins
by vinylsilanes (i.e. cleavage of vinyl C-H in olefins
and Si-Cviny 1 bondsl7). The same process proceeds in the
cross-metathesis of vinylsilanes with olefins in the
presence of many ruthenium complexes 18.
Therefore, the aim of this work is to utilize vinylsilanes
not for depolymerization of 1,4- and 1,2-polybutadiene
polymer to yield low-molecular oligomers, but for mod-
ification of polybutadiene to synthesize silylsubstituted
polymers 19.
R A
[Mo]or [W]
+ "~.
toluene
L ~ ~ n R
where R = CH2Si(CH3) 3 or CH2Si(CH3)2CI; n = 1 - 4
Scheme 1
Crosslinking of the unsaturated polymers via meta-
thetical conversion of hexenyl silicone polymers proceed-
ing in the presence of Mo and W catalysts has been
reported recently t 1. Vinylsubstituted silanes are not active
*To whom correspondence should be addressed
EXPERIMENTAL
Materials
1,2-Polybutadiene (Mn = 1000) and 1,4-polybutadiene
(Mn = 400 000)werepurchased fromPolysciences, Inc. and
used without additional purification. Vinyltriethoxysilane
POLYMER Volume 38 Number 201997 5169