Authoring by Reuse for SCORM like Learning Objects
Ramzi FARHAT
1,2
, Bruno DEFUDE
1
and Mohamed JEMNI
2
1
Institut TELECOM, TELECOM & Management SudParis, UMR CNRS-INT SAMOVAR
9, rue Charles Fourier 91011 EVRY Cedex - France
ramzi.farhat@it-sudparis.eu , bruno.defude@it-sudparis.eu
2
Research Unit of Technologies of Information and Communication (UTIC)
Ecole Supérieure des Sciences et Techniques de Tunis
5 Avenue Taha Hussein, B.P. 56, Bab Menara, Tunis, Tunisia.
mohamed.jemni@fst.rnu.tn
Abstract
We present a new approach called authoring by
reuse to assist author during the design of SCORM like
learning objects. It is now easy to design new learning
objects by reusing existing ones connected together
with dedicated operators. But the results are rarely
satisfactory mainly due to their lack of consistency. In
this paper we propose an assistance approach (i)
providing indicators about the new designed learning
object organized on three dimensions (complexity,
reusability and pedagogy), (ii) computing metadata
entries based on the information available about the
reused learning objects and (iii) applying a rule based
checking to ensure consistency.
1. Introduction
1
Nowadays, with the adoption of standards and
specification and with the proliferation of dedicated
tools there is numerous learning objects developed and
shared. Many tools are designed to support this
concept. Numerous authoring environments in
compliance with the standards exist like Reload editor
[9] or eXe [6]. Repositories such as Ariadne
knowledge pool [5] or Educanext [7] are used to
support the share of learning objects. Learning
management systems have integrated the necessary
functionalities to communicate with repositories and to
import learning objects.
In an eLearning environment learners and authors
are the principal users of learning objects. Learners use
them to improve their knowledge. Authors are
1
This work is partly funded by the APOGE project
(French – Tunisian Utique CMCU)
concerned by their use directly in online courses or to
combine them with other objects to produce new ones.
Several models have been proposed to define such
composition such as the SCORM standard [1] or the
SIMBAD project [2].
However the reuse of learning objects by authors to
design new learning objects is still a challenge. The
fact that numerous objects are now accessible in the
Internet does not imply that they are widely reused.
There are many restraints for reuse, technical ones such
as identification of good objects, possibility to adapt
them, consistency of compositions, economical and
law ones (intellectual property, licenses) and usage
ones (in general authors prefer to design a new object
and not to reuse existing ones).
Another challenge now is how to promote the
design of high quality learning objects. Indeed, with
the facility of finding, understanding and reusing
learning objects to produce new ones, the question is
how to evaluate and improve the quality of those
composed learning objects.
To overcome these challenges, we propose an
authoring environment based on an iterative design
process and assisting authors to (1) search learning
objects (2) compose them to create a new one (3)
analyze it in order to give to the author a deep
understanding and a precise cartography (4)
automatically compute LOM metadata (5) apply rules
in order to ensure quality or enforce specific standards
defined by the organization. Since that, author can
discover eventual anomalies or deficiencies and fix
them at an early stage.
This paper is organized in three sections. The
section 2 defines the context of compound learning
objects and hypothesis we made about their description
and definition. In section 3 we present the global
design process, its different steps and our author
2009 Ninth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies
978-0-7695-3711-5/09 $25.00 © 2009 IEEE
DOI 10.1109/ICALT.2009.76
165