25 Chapter 2 Stem Cells, Bioengineering, and 3-D Scaffolds for Nervous System Repair and Regeneration Elizabeth J. Sandquist, Metin Uz, Anup D. Sharma, Bhavika B. Patel, Surya K. Mallapragada, and Donald S. Sakaguchi Abbreviations ADSCs Adipose-derived stem cells BBB Blood–brain barrier BDNF Brain-derived neurotrophic factor bFGF Basic fibroblast growth factor c-Myc V-Myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog CNS Central nervous system CNTF Ciliary-neurotrophic factor CNTs Carbon nanotubes DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid DPSCs Dental pulp stem cells DRG Dorsal root ganglia E.J. Sandquist Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA M. Uz Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA A.D. Sharma • S.K. Mallapragada Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA Neuroscience Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA B.B. Patel • D.S. Sakaguchi (*) Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA Neuroscience Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA e-mail: dssakagu@iastate.edu © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 L.G. Zhang, D.L. Kaplan (eds.), Neural Engineering, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-31433-4_2