American Journal of Laboratory Medicine 2016; 1(2): 23-28 http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ajlm doi: 10.11648/j.ajlm.20160102.14 Assessment of Anemia and Thrombopathy in Eastern Sudanese Patients with End Stage Renal Disease Bashir Abdrhman Bashir * , Mohammed Omer Gibreel Medical Laboratory Sciences Division, Port Sudan Ahlia College, Port Sudan, Sudan Email address: bashirbashir17@hotmail.com (B. A. Bashir), m_omer8164@yahoo.com (M. O. Gibreel) * Corresponding author To cite this article: Bashir Abdrhman Bashir, Mohammed Omer Gibreel. Assessment of Anemia and Thrombopathy in Eastern Sudanese Patients with End Stage Renal Disease. American Journal of Laboratory Medicine. Vol. 1, No. 2, 2016, pp. 23-28. doi: 10.11648/j.ajlm.20160102.14 Received: September 3, 2016; Accepted: September 23, 2016; Published: October 11, 2016 Abstract: Renal manifestations are becoming a very important health problem in the developing world. In Sudan, the new cases account for about 70-140 thousand of inhabitants per year. Leading to reduced quality of life, these manifestations have negative social and economic impact on the population. This cross-sectional study was conducted in March 2016 to evaluate the anemia and thrombopathy in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) in Port Sudan hospital for surgery and hemodialysis, Red Sea State, Sudan. The study enrolled 70 patients, of whom 56 (80%) were males and 14 (20%) were females with the mean age being 51 years along with 70 healthy apparently adult subjects as control group of whom 53 (76%) were males and 17 (24%) were females with the mean age being 31 years. Unlike the control group, 51 (72%) of patients had anemia according to WHO criteria. Severe anemia (Hemoglobin concentration less than 7 g/dl) was detected in 28.6% of patients. Severe anemia has been more frequently (21.4%) in males than in females (7.1%). Likewise, the patient group showed a statistically significant decrease in platelet count (197.700±57.367) as compared to that of the control group (221.357±65.00) (P<0.024). In contrast, mean platelet volume (MPV) in the patient group showed a statistically significant increase (11.7±1.66) as compared to that of the control group (10.43±0.98) (P< 0.006). Thrombocytopenia was seen in 14.3% of patients. To conclude, this data could indicate that anemia and thrombopathy seen among these patients are attributed to the underlying renal impairment. This study recommends that all patients with unclear cause of anemia and/or thrombopathy should be checked for renal manifestations. Keywords: Anemia, Thrombopathy, ESRD, Hemodialysis, Sudan 1. Introduction Port Sudan is a port city in eastern Sudan, and the capital of the State of Red Sea. It has a population of 513,338 residents, according to 2008 estimates. Very limited data are available about the prevalence and causes of renal diseases leading to chronic kidney diseases (CKD) in all States of Sudan, including Red Sea State. Chronic kidney disease is defined as a progressive loss in renal function over a period of months or years, may lead to one or more well recognized complication such as anemia or Bleeding [1]. CKD is a well- known risk factor for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) [2]. The most common causes of CKD are long-term of uncontrolled hypertension, diabetes mellitus as well as polycystic kidney disease. Awareness of the causes of ESRD helps the neurologist to anticipate problems and compilations during renal replacement therapy (RRT) and plan preventive measures for the community [3]. More than 1.1 million patients are approximately estimated to have ESRD worldwide, with an addition of 7% annually. In the USA, the prevalence counts are expected to increase to 85% from 2000 to 2015 [4]. An average incidence of ESRD in the Middle East countries with similar kidney care systems is 93 per million populations [5]. In the developing countries, the evolution of the ESRD population has similar trends [6]. The data reported for new cases in Sudan is about 70– 140/thousand inhabitants/year [7]. Anemia and thrombopathy have been considered as predictors of survival in patients with ESRD. Anemic dialysis patients with a hematocrit level of less than 20% have a probability of death [8]. In addition, among the most common complications seen in subjects with ESRD, the anemia, mainly due to little secretion of erythropoietin (EPO) production, abnormalities in white