IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY, VOL. 19, NO. 3, JUNE 2009 2615
Characterization of High Strands for the
Series-Connected Hybrid Magnet
Jun Lu, Ke Han, Robert P. Walsh, Iain Dixon, Alexandre Ferrera, and Bernd Seeber
Abstract—The series-connected hybrid magnet under construc-
tion at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory uses cable-in-
conduit-conductor with high strands. One of the can-
didate strands is made by the restacked-rod process with
a nominal of . We characterized the as
a function of axial and transverse strain, magnetic field and tem-
perature. The -strain measurements have been carried out by a
straight pull device and two different Walters spring probes. In ad-
dition, we have investigated the effect of the reaction heat
treatment temperature on the irreversible strain. We found that
the irreversible strain increases with the heat treatment tempera-
ture. Our results indicate that, in addition to its high , this type
of strand has moderate strain sensitivity, therefore is suitable for
the application of the series-connected hybrid magnet.
Index Terms—Critical current, , strain.
I. INTRODUCTION
T
HE series-connected hybrid magnet (SCH) uses
cable-in-conduit-conductor (CICC) for its supercon-
ducting coil [1]. For the design of the SCH superconducting
coil, it is convenient to take advantage of the recent develop-
ment of high wires made by restacked-rod process
(RRP) [2]. However, there is a concern that the high
wire may be more strain sensitive. The strain sensitivity is
especially important in the application of CICC where signifi-
cant degradation has been associated with localized strains
from large transverse Lorentz forces [3]–[5]. In order to predict
the performance of the CICC and to identify and analyze
the possible degradation based on the CICC tests results, the
characterization of strand for versus axial and transverse
strains is crucial.
The irreversible strain, defined as the tensile axial strain
beyond which degrades permanently, is an important param-
eter which is related to the CICC degradation under cyclic load.
For a similar high RRP strand, it has been observed that the
becomes irreversible even before the zero intrinsic strain is
reached [6]. This is not very well understood.
Manuscript received August 25, 2008. First published June 30, 2009; current
version published July 15, 2009. This work was supported in part by the U.S.
National Science Foundation Grant DMR-0603042 and Core, Helmholtz Center
Berlin, and Spallation Neutron Source.
J. Lu, K. Han, R. P. Walsh, and I. Dixon are with the National High Magnetic
Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA (e-mail: junlu@magnet.fsu.edu).
A. Ferreira and B. Seeber are with the Institute of Applied Physics, University
of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland (e-mail: Bernd.Seeber@physics.
unige.ch).
Color versions of one or more of the figures in this paper are available online
at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018365
TABLE I
STRAND PARAMETERS
Since low wires are less strain sensitive, it may
be possible that the under reacted wire have larger irre-
versible strain. Therefore by lowering the heat treatment temper-
ature, one may reach a compromise between high and high
irreversible strain. In addition, an investigation on heat treatment
temperature effect is relevant to applications where a tempera-
ture excursion during the heat treatment may happen. Therefore
from the risk management point of view, the investigation of the
heat treatment temperature effect on the -strain properties is
also very important.
II. EXPERIMENTAL
The strand under investigation is Ti doped made by
restacked-rod process (RRP) by Oxford Instrument, Supercon-
ducting Technology (OIST) (billet no. 10019 and 10091). The
strand is similar to what is used for EDIPO [6]. The main strand
parameters are shown in Table I; and its cross-sectional picture
is shown in Fig. 1.
The OIST recommended heat treatment schedule for
achieving optimum and RRR is
. With this schedule, an ITER barrel and a few Wal-
ters Spring coil samples are reacted. In order to investigate the
effect of the heat treatment temperature, five groups of straight
samples were heat treated with the final stage temperatures of
610, 620, 630, 640, and 650 C respectively. The rate for all the
temperature ramps is 50 C/h.
Three experimental devices are used for -strain measure-
ments. A Walters spring probe (WASP) [7] for versus axial
strain measurement; a device for versus transverse strain
measurement [8]; and a straight pull device for investigation of
the irreversible strain versus heat treatment temperature [9].
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
A. ITER Barrel Measurements
The non-Cu of the OIST-10019 wire was first measured
using a Ti-6Al-4V ITER barrel at 4.2 K in fields from 8 to 18 T.
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