Journal of Urban History
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DOI: 10.1177/0096144215610773
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Article
Design Assimilation in Suburbia:
Asian Americans, Built Landscapes,
and Suburban Advantage in Los
Angeles’s San Gabriel Valley
since 1970
Becky M. Nicolaides
1,2
and James Zarsadiaz
3
Abstract
Ethnic suburban settlement has shaped suburban landscapes in contrasting ways. On one
end are ethnoburbs, where ethnic groups used spatial politics to assert their rights of ethnic
expression in the landscape. On the other—less noticed—end are places where ethnic settlers
arrived en masse, and their presence was scarcely visible. This article focuses on the latter,
towns where ethnic suburbanites consented to existing design mores—what we term design
assimilation. Using case studies from Asian American suburbs of the west and east San Gabriel
Valley, we explore the history of places where Anglo design aesthetics persisted in the midst
of profound demographic change. Multiple factors created and protected these landscapes,
including stringent regulatory cultures of these suburbs, white political action, accommodations
by builders, and Asian American consent. Asian suburbanites supported these landscapes
for aesthetic, nostalgic, political, and economic reasons, including the belief that American
landscape aesthetics conveyed a social distinction that positioned them above those around
them—including other Asians in the ethnoburbs. Our work shows how suburban advantage
has been reinforced by new waves of immigrant suburbanites, in ways that reflect the inequities
and spatial expression of globalization itself. This work offers a new perspective on immigrant
suburbanization and its interface with suburban “landscapes of privilege.”
Keywords
immigrant suburbanization, suburb, ethnoburb, Asian Americans, San Gabriel Valley, Los
Angeles, globalization, San Marino, Diamond Bar, Rowland Heights, design assimilation
What happens when places with long-standing design traditions confront radical social transfor-
mation? This is a phenomenon unfolding over broad swaths of our metropolitan areas, and it is
especially striking in suburbs receiving large numbers of immigrants. The San Gabriel Valley in
Los Angeles offers a vivid example. As a prime destination of Asian immigration, the suburban
1
Huntington–USC Institute on California and the West, Los Angeles, CA, USA
2
University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
3
University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
Corresponding Author:
Becky M. Nicolaides, Huntington-USC Institute on California and the West, Huntington Library, 1151 Oxford Road,
San Marino, CA 91108.
Email: becky.nicolaides@outlook.com
610773JUH XX X 10.1177/0096144215610773Journal of Urban HistoryNicolaides and Zarsadiaz
research-article 2015
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