Optimization Letters (2008) 2:171–175 DOI 10.1007/s11590-007-0051-8 ORIGINAL PAPER An approximation algorithm for network design problems with downwards-monotone demand functions Michael Laszlo · Sumitra Mukherjee Received: 14 December 2006 / Accepted: 28 March 2007 / Published online: 28 April 2007 © Springer-Verlag 2007 Abstract Building on an existing 2-approximate algorithm for the class of network design problems with downwards-monotone demand functions, many of which are NP-hard, we present an algorithm that produces solutions that are at least as good as and typically better than solutions produced by the existing algorithm. Keywords Network design problems · Approximation algorithms · Spanning forests · Integer programs 1 Introduction Given an undirected graph G = (V , E ) with non-negative edge costs c e on all edges e E , and a demand function f : 2 V N, the network design problem may be characterized by the following integer program (IP): Minimize eE c e x e subject to: x (δ( S)) f ( S) φ = S V , x e integer e E , where δ( S) denotes the set of edges with exactly one endpoint in S, and x ( F ) = eF x e . See [1, 4] for discussions of this formulation of network design problems. M. Laszlo (B ) · S. Mukherjee Graduate School of Computer and Information Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA e-mail: mjl@nova.edu 123