Pergamon
J. Behav. Ther & Exp. Psychiat. Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 299-310,1996
Copyright © 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd
Printed in Great Britain. All tights reserved
S0005-7916(96)00033-X 0005-7916/96 $15.00 + 0.00
THE BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT OF AUDITORY
HALLUCINATORY RESPONDING OF A SCHIZOPHRENIC
PATIENT
J. M. JIMENEZ,* M. TODMAN,t M. PEREZ,* J. F. GODOY* and
D. V. LANDON-JIMENEZ$
*Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluaci6n y Tratamiento Psicol6gico, Universidad de Granada,
Campus Universitario de Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain
1"Department of Psychology, New School for Social Research, New York, U.S.A.
SDepartment of Psychology, Queens College and the Graduate School of the City University
of New York, NYC, New York, U.S.A.
Summary -- This study assessed the efficacy of a behaviorally based
treatment package to decrease the frequency of verbal responding to
auditory hallucinations and to increase attention to important external
stimuli, rather than to the hallucinations. The subject, a 49-year-old
male, with a 20-year history of auditory hallucinatory responding
(AHR), laughing and talking to himself, was seen in an outpatient
clinic. Observations were made during management skill training,
given usually twice a week. Observation sessions were divided into 15-
minute intervals. The intervention package included reinforcement in
the form of praise, pats on the back, and token reinforcement
contingent on the absence of auditory hallucinations. Cancellation
tests were given to measure his ability to attend to external tasks. Using
an ABCAD design, it was seen that the data indicated that the
intervention resulted in both a sharp decrease in auditory hallucinations
and an increase in the subject's ability to attend to external
tasks. Copyright © 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd
One of the most problematic behaviors exhibited by people diagnosed with psychiatric
disorders is that of responding to voices that are not heard by others. Auditory hallucinations
have been one of the most frequently noted characteristics through this century of one type of
schizophrenia (Bleuler, 1912; Kraeplin, 1919; Bellak, 1948; Arieti, 1974, 1977; Bentall, 1990;
IDC-10/WHO, 1992; DSM-R/APA, 1987).
One explanation of the occurrence of hallucinatory behavior has been suggested by Slade
(1976). He recommended performing a functional analysis of the variables which may
Requests for reprints should be addressed to J. M. Jimenez, Departamento de Personalidad,
Evaluaci6n y Tratamiento Psicol6gico, Universidad de Granada, Campus Universitario de
Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain.
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