American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 16 (7): 1347-1357, 2016
ISSN 1818-6769
© IDOSI Publications, 2016
DOI: 10.5829/idosi.aejaes.2016.16.7.12959
Corresponding Author: Ubokudom E. Okon, Department of Agricultural Economics & Extension, Akwa Ibom State University,
Ikot Akpaden, Nigeria. Tel: +2348030757061; +2348028286019.
1347
An Assessment of Income Generating Activities among
Urban Farm Households in South-south Nigeria
Ubokudom E. Okon, Anselm A. Enete and Eugene C. Okorji
1 2 2
Department of Agricultural Economics & Extension, Akwa Ibom State University, Ikot Akpaden, Nigeria
1
Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka
2
Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate the factors influencing income generating activities among
urban farm households in South-South Nigeria. From a sample of 289 urban farm households, the results
showed that majority (66%) of the respondents were male, with mean age of 44 years. Non-agricultural wage
income (36%) and crop production income (26%) were major income generating activities. About 39%, 22%,
21%, and 32% of the respondents owned refrigerators, tricycles, cars, and other equipment, respectively.
The ordinary least square results indicated that variables such as land size and asset value positively and
significantly (p < 0.01) influenced livestock production income. Household size had negative and significant
(p < 0.05) influence on crop production income. Also, older farmers fail to generate income in any of the
category. Policies aimed at boosting households’ asset and encouraging urban households to participate in
farming and other non-farm activities will reduce poverty and food insecurity problems.
Key words: Assets Farm households Income Urban poverty Urbanization Nigeria
INTRODUCTION of poverty in the world, where more than one in four
Globally, more people live in urban areas than in rural [4].
areas. In 2007, the global urban population exceeded Sub-Saharan Africa is urbanizing faster than any
global rural population for the first time in history, and other continent. The urban population growth rate was
thereafter the world population has remained 4.15 % per annum in 2014. According to estimates by UN-
predominantly urban [1]. In 2014, 54 % of the world’s Habitat, 200 million people in sub-Saharan Africa were
population was urban. These global changes in the last living in slums in 2010, or 61.7 per cent of the region’s
two decades have resulted in deepening social urban population, the highest rate in the world [1]. In
differentiation and increasing poverty [2]. In particular addition, every year, 10 million more people are added to
the structural adjustment programmes imposed by the urban population of sub-Saharan Africa. This has
international organizations and donors which focused on increased the number of urban dwellers in extreme
reducing government spending by privatization and civil poverty.
service reforms (staff cuts and retrenchments), limiting In Nigeria, for instance the urban population is
subsidies, increasing food prices, etc [2,3], have led to expected to grow by 212 million between 2014 and 2050
increase in number of urban poor. [1]. This rapid urbanization has implications in the areas
Urban poverty and food insecurity are fast becoming of social, economic, environmental protection and the
major problems in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite the supply of adequate shelter, food, water and sanitation [5].
Millennium Development Goal 1, set internationally for Some analysis has shown that urban poverty is not only
reduction of 50 % between 1990 and 2015 the proportion growing but has tended to be underestimated in the past.
of hungry people and whose income is less than US $ 1.25 According to Food and Agricultural Organization,
a day. Sub-Saharan Africa still has the highest prevalence poverty and food insecurity have been considered for
people remain undernourished; the goal has not been met