Clin Drug Invest 2006; 26 (9): 485-494
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE 1173-2563/06/0009-0485/$39.95/0
© 2006 Adis Data Information BV. All rights reserved.
Impact of Modified System of
Objectified Judgement Analysis
(SOJA) Methodology on Prescribing
Costs of ACE Inhibitors
Ibrahim Alabbadi,
1
Grainne Crealey,
1
Michael Scott,
2
Simon Baird,
3
Tom Trouton,
2
Jill Mairs
2
and James McElnay
1
1 School of Pharmacy, Clinical and Practice Research Group, Queen’s University Belfast,
Belfast, UK
2 United Hospitals Trust, Antrim, UK
3 Broughshane Medical Practice, Broughshane, UK
Background and objectives: System of Objectified Judgement Analysis (SOJA) Abstract
is a structured approach to the selection of drugs for formulary inclusion. How-
ever, while SOJA is a very important advance in drug selection for formulary
purposes, it is hospital based and can only be applied to one indication at a time. In
SOJA, cost has been given a primary role in the selection process as it has been
included as a selection criterion from the start. Cost may therefore drive the
selection of a particular drug product at the expense of other basic criteria such as
safety or efficacy. The aims of this study were to use a modified SOJA approach in
the selection of ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) for use in a joint formulary that bridges
primary and secondary care within a health board in Northern Ireland, and to
investigate the potential impact of the joint formulary on prescribing costs of
ACEIs in that health board.
Methods: The modified SOJA approach involved four phases in sequence: an
evidence-based pharmacotherapeutic evaluation of all available ACEI drug enti-
ties, a separate safety/risk assessment analysis of products containing agents that
exceeded the pharmacotherapeutic threshold, a budget-impact analysis and, final-
ly, the selection of product lines. A comprehensive literature review and expert
panel judgement informed the selection of criteria (and their relative weighting)
for the pharmacotherapeutic evaluation. The resultant criteria/scoring system was
circulated (in questionnaire format) to prescribers and stakeholders for comment.
Based on statistical analysis of the latter survey results, the final scoring system
was developed. Drug entities that exceeded the evidence threshold were sequen-
tially entered into the second and third phases of the process.
Results: Five drug entities (11 currently available in the UK) exceeded the
evidence threshold and 22 of 26 submitted product lines containing these drug
entities satisfied the safety/risk assessment criteria. Three product lines, each
containing a different drug entity, were selected for formulary inclusion after
budget impact analysis was performed. The estimated potential annual cost