Electrodeposition of PbS Multilayers on Ag(111) by ECALE
V.C.Fernandes
a
, E. Salvietti
b
, F. Loglio
b
, M. Innocenti
b
, L. H. Mascaro
a
and M. L. Foresti
b
a
Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Caixa Postal 676, São
Carlos - SP, 13565-905, Brazil.
b
Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto
Fiorentino (FI), Italy
Lead sulfide (PbS) thin films were grown on single crystal
Ag(111) substrate. PbS films were obtained by Electrochemical
Atomic Layer Epitaxy (ECALE) method, that is by alternated
underpotential deposition (UPD) of lead and sulfur. The
voltammetric analysis of the first Pb
UPD
and S
UPD
peaks indicates a
mechanism of two-dimensional growth, which is consistent with
epitaxial growth. Electrochemical stripping measurements indicate
that amount of Pb and S deposited in a given number of cycles is a
function of the number of cycles employed, again suggesting a
layer-by-layer growth. The stripping charges associated with each
layer of Pb and S was 87 µC cm
-2
. This result suggests that amount
of Pb and S in these films corresponds to the stoichiometric 1:1
ratio, indicating the formation of a compound.
Introduction
Binary semiconductors are considered as important technological materials because
of their potential applications in optoelectronic devices, solar cells, IR detectors and
lasers (1, 2). Binary compounds of group IIB and group VIA elements, commonly
referred to as II-VI compounds, have technologically important applications. Thin films
of these compounds are usually prepared by vacuum evaporation, chemical vapor
deposition, sputtering and spray pyrolysis method [ 3 , 4 ]. However the properties of
semiconductors depend on dimension and supperlattice structure and the film must be
highly crystalline and have a single crystallographic orientation. Therefore, the possibility
of controlling the growth processes at an atomic or a molecular level is becoming more
and more important, with an increasing emphasis on the nanometric structures. The
atomic layer processes allow the precise control of the deposit thickness and composition
what results that this technique is quite promising in the obtaining of these semiconductor
thin films.
Electrochemical Atomic Layer Epitaxy (ECALE), developed by Stickney (5), has
been used to produce a wide variety of well-ordered semiconductor deposits under
ambient pressure and temperature (6-12). With Electrochemical Atomic Layer Epitaxy, a
monolayer of the compound is obtained by alternating the underpotential deposition of
the metallic element with the underpotential deposition of the non-metallic element in a
cycle. The largest advantage of this method is that the individual steps of each cycle can
be examined and optimized independently. That means that the conditions for deposition
can be adjusted as concerns potentials, pH, reactants, and so on. These conditions are
dependent on the compound one wants to form, and on the substrate used.
Lead sulfide (PbS) has been one of the binary semiconductors of the group II-VI that
have received considerable attention because of its variety of applications. PbS with its
ECS Transactions, 11 (7) 279-286 (2007)
10.1149/1.2779091 ©The Electrochemical Society
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