ISSN 1063-7850, Technical Physics Letters, 2015, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 94–97. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2015.
Original Russian Text © A.V. Emelianov, K.F. Akhmadishina, A.V. Romashkin, V.K. Nevolin, I.I. Bobrinetskiy, 2015, published in Pis’ma v Zhurnal Tekhnicheskoi Fiziki, 2015,
Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 87–95.
94
Flexible transparent conducting coatings are
among the main components of new electronic
devices such as organic transistors, displays, solar
cells, and light-emitting diodes. At present, the most
widely used material for manufacturing transparent
electrodes is indium–tin oxide (ITO) [1, 2]. A possible
alternative to ITO is offered by coatings based on car-
bon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene [3, 4].
The main disadvantage of conducting coatings
based on carbon nanomaterials is their cluster nature,
which hinders the formation of a continuous film
capable of ensuring nondissipative transport of free
charge carriers [5]. One possible way to engage in
large-scale fabrication of transparent conducting
coatings is via the creation of composites consisting of
carbon nanomaterials and conducting polymers [6, 7].
An alternative approach that ensures adaptation of the
technology of CNT integration for the creation of
electrodes is probably related to the formation of
molecular transport channels in the gap between nan-
otubes by means of the orientation of molecules dur-
ing their interaction with CNTs even in the absence of
polymer doping [8].
The present work was aimed at the development of
methods for the formation of transparent conducting
films based on CNTs and polymers on flexible sub-
strates and the investigation of mechanisms capable of
improving the transport of charge carriers in these
films.
We have prepared stabilized colloidal solutions of
carboxylic acid functionalized single-walled carbon
nanotubes (c-SWNTs) (Aldrich) and c-SWNT/polya-
niline (PANI) in the emeraldine base form in dimeth-
ylacetamide (DMA). The c-SWNT concentration was
1 mg/mL, and the PANI concentration was
0.01 mg/mL. These solutions were applied in 0.05 mL
drops by several iterations onto the surface of polyeth-
ylene naphthalate (PEN, Teijin DuPont Films) and
distributed over the substrate surface by centrifuging.
After application of the c-SWNT/PANI composite,
the films were exposed to HCl vapor for 24 h, which
led to the doping of PANI, and then the samples were
dried for 10 min at 100–110°C. This application and
treatment procedure was repeated to obtain more per-
colated networks.
Figure 1 shows atomic-force microscopy (AFM)
images (Solver-P47, NT-MDT) of coatings obtained
upon the application of a single layer of nanotubes and
a related composite. The AFM data were used to
determine the thicknesses of obtained porous films.
The height of individual c-SWNTs did not exceed 1–
2 nm, which is evidence of a high dispersion of the
obtained solutions (Fig. 1a). The minimum size of
fibers in c-SWNT/PANI films was 2–3 nm (Fig. 1b),
which indicates that PANI envelops CNTs, thus
increasing their diameters on the image.
Finally, 100-nm-thick palladium electrodes were
deposited onto the obtained structures and the sam-
ples were characterized by measuring the sheet resis-
tance and optical transmittance (transparency). With
increasing number of solution applications, both the
resistance and transparency decreased.
We have studied the effect of doping in HCL vapor
on resistance R of c-SWNT/PANI films and the
dependence of R on the number of sequential layer
applications (Fig. 2a). It has been previously estab-
lished [9] that the absolute resistance of pure CNTs
nonlinearly depends on the number of applications,
which can be related to the organization of three-
dimensional (3D) conduction channels in the matrix
of CNTs. Nevertheless, the effect of doping in all cases
changes the resistance by δR ~ 41 ± 2%, which con-
Features of Flexible Transparent Conducting Films Based
on Polyaniline–Carbon Nanotube Composite
A. V. Emelianov*, K. F. Akhmadishina, A. V. Romashkin, V. K. Nevolin, and I. I. Bobrinetskiy
National Research University of Electronic Technology, Zelenograd, Moscow, 124498 Russia
*e-mail: emmsowton@gmail.com
Received July 8, 2014
Abstract—We propose a new concept in the formation of transparent conducting films based on single-
walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and polyaniline (PANI) on a flexible polyethylene naphthalate substrate.
It is established that the resistance of SWNT–PANI composite films decreases to less than half as compared
to pure nanotubes, while the transparency is retained. Mechanisms responsible for a change in the conduc-
tivity of composite molecular systems are discussed based on differences in the transport of charge carriers in
nanotubes and the polymer with allowance for their interaction.
DOI: 10.1134/S106378501501023X