65 Chapter 4  A Competence for Negotiating Diversity and Unpredictability in Global Contact Zones SURESH CANAGARAJAH AS LANGUAGE USE CHANGES in the context of super-diversity, there are new questions about what constitutes efective competence for communication. My ongoing research with multilingually skilled migrants suggests an orientation to competence that deviates from what dominant models in applied linguistics have theorized. The dif- ferences are so fundamental that they go to the heart of what we assume as intelli- gible and successful communication. This is the province of language ideology. The orientation of my subjects will make sense only if we consider the divergent lan- guage ideologies they bring to interactions in contexts of super-diversity. For this reason, I begin this chapter by examining how the language ideologies informing dominant models of language competence relate to super-diversity. I then articulate the needed changes in orientations to language competence to address intelligibility in spaces of super-diversity. From this theoretical framing, I analyze the data from my subjects to illustrate the features constituting their competence. The objective of this chapter is to retheorize competence for the age of super-diversity in order to design more relevant pedagogies. Competing Language Ideologies Though some might consider language ideology and language competence very divergent schools in linguistics, with the irst belonging to critical anthropological work and the latter belonging to cognitive orientations, some scholars have made a case for their connection. Lourdes Ortega (2014) has argued, “Changes in ideologies go hand in hand with changes in the modus operandi by which disciplinary knowl- edge is generated” (48), as she examines the inluence of monolingual ideologies on