ELSEVIER
Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 543 (1997) 125-134
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Chemistry
A study of cis influence in alkyl cobaloximes
B.D. Gupta *, Kushal Qanungo
Chemist©' Department, I.I.T. Kanpur, Kanpur, U.P. 208016, India
Received 9 December 1996
Abstract
Thirty-nine alkylcobaloximes have been synthesized (many of them new) and characterized with three different dioxime ligands,
dmgH, dpgH and chgH. The chgH cobaloximes have been synthesized for the first time from C1Co(chgH)2Py comple~es. A rapid
purification procedure using column chromatography affording analytically pure products has been established for all the three series of
cobaloximes. Methanol has been found to be the best solvent for the study of cobalt-carbon charge transfer (Co-C CT) band as the
alkylcobaloximes exhibit a prominent maxima in this solvent. For MeCo(dpgH)2Py the Co-C CT band is not resolved; a Am~ , value of
453.6 nm is proposed for it. The literature value of 473 nm is doubtful. The variation of Ama , values with increasing alky[ chain length is
surprisingly similar for all the three series of cobaloximes. ~3C-Spectroscopy has revealed that the P~, experiences the most cis influence
and Pt~ the least. The cis influencing ability of the chgH ligands have been found to be negligible (as compared to dpgH) on the alkyl
chain as well as on the Pt~ and P~ carbons. 1H-NMR studies indicate that the cis influence is felt most by the cobalt bound methylene
protons followed by P~ and PI~" Interestingly, the O-H-O resonance for the chgH cobaloximes appear ~ 0.5 ppm upfield than the
analogous dmgH complexes in all the thirteen alkylcobaloximes. The order of cis influencing ability has been found to be
dpgH > chgH > dmgH by all the three spectroscopic techniques. This sequence is exactly the reverse order of the corre,sponding Co(I)
nucleophilicities. C=N and N-O stretching frequencies in the IR studies for three series of cobaloximes follow the order dmgH > chgH
> dpgH. The order can be explained if one invokes the electronic effect of the substituents on the dioximic moiety. ~ 1'997 Elsevier
Science S.A.
1. Introduction
Organocobaloximes, RCo(L)2B (where R is an or-
ganic group, L = dmgH and B is a coordinating base)
have been extensively studied [1], ever since Schrauzer
first highlighted their importance as models of coen-
zyme B I2 [2]. Since then it has outgrown its initial
relevance and has gained significance of its own, mainly
because of its rich chemistry [3]. It was found to be a
convenient source of free radicals [4], even in aqueous
medium [5], and its ability to serve as catalysts [6] and
as templates [7] in organic reactions are well docu-
mented in the literature. Applications apart, these are
ideal systems, like platinum(II) complexes, to study the
Abbreviations: dmgH, dimethylglyoxime; gH, glyoxime; dpgH,
diphenylgyloxime; mpgH, methyphenylglyoxime; chgH, 1,2-cyclo-
hexanedionedioxime, all mono anions
* Corresponding author.
0022-328X/97/$17.00 © 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.
PII S0022-328X(97)00210-6
cis and trans effects [8]. The trans influence has been
extensively studied [9], whereas examples of cis influ-
ence have been rather few [10]. This is primarily due to
(a) the trans influence is much more pronounced as
compared to cis influence and (b) paucity of
cobaloximes with equatorial ligand other than dmgH.
The literature survey further reveals that most of the
study, however, has been confined to dmgH as the
equatorial ligand. Cis-trans influence studies on
cobaloximes with other equatorial ligands like gH [11],
dpgH [12], and mpgH [13] are few and scattered.
The importance of organocobaloximes with ligands
other than dmgH has recently been perceived in many
reactions; for example, it has been demonstrated by
Welker et al. [7] that in cobaloxime mediated Diels
Alder reactions, the use of sterically demanding dpgH
as the equatorial ligand instead of dmgH, results in
marked improvement of the exo/endo selectivity. We
have observed a faster oxygen insertion in RCo(chgH) 2 B
complexes as compared to RCo(dmgH)2B complexes