Discourses of Exclusion: Immigrant-Origin Youth Responses to
Immigration Debates in an Election Year
Dafney Blanca Dabach
a
, Aliza Fones
a
, Natasha Hakimali Merchant
b
,
and Mee Joo Kim
a
a
University of Washington;
b
University of North Georgia
ABSTRACT
Political discourse on immigration policy often provides a window into a
society’s boundaries of inclusion and exclusion. Here, we seek to understand
how those in liminal positions respond to political debates that raise issues of
boundary maintenance. Drawing from Bakhtinian concepts of authoritative
and internally persuasive discourses as well as Gramsci’s concept of common
sense, we analyzed how a superdiverse sample of 26 immigrant-origin
adolescents (from Asia, Latin America, Africa, and Europe) responded to
video segments of presidential debates from the 2012 U.S. election. Youth’s
responses to presidential video clips about undocumented immigration
policies fell along a spectrum from inclusionary to exclusionary, with many
voicing mixed responses to immigration policies. Half of the youth referenced
their own family’s migration experience when discussing immigration policy,
most frequently in empathetic ways; however, this did not preclude them
from aligning with discourses of exclusion. The theme of fairness was
prevalent in their responses, yet it emerged in distinct ways. This work
highlights the need to interrogate common-sense discourses of exclusion.
KEY WORDS
Adolescents; discourse;
immigrant youth;
immigration; immigration
policy; politics;
undocumented
The presidential candidates’ faces suddenly appeared on the projector screen in the civics classroom.
And, as the candidates debated about immigration policy and the fate of an estimated 11.2 million
undocumented people in the United States (Brown & Stepler, 2016),
1
adolescent immigrant students
watched as their teacher asked them to think critically and share about what the politicians were
saying (Field notes, October 23, 2012). From a wide array of countries, youth were naturalized
citizens or children of immigrants voting for the first time in elections or without voting rights as
“noncitizens.” As the candidates’ words, gestures, and images beamed into the classroom, there was
little to discern students’ perspectives on these political performances—performances that pitched
particular ideas about what kinds of immigrants belonged within the nation and which did not.
Immigrant youth’s voices were missing as they watched silently.
Because voice tends to vary across contexts (Juffermans & Van der Aa, 2013), we reasoned that if
we were not able to capture immigrant youth’s voices in classrooms, then changing the context to
one-on-one-interview settings might provide more access to their voices. The purpose of this article
is to understand how immigrant youth articulated responses to discourses of immigration repre-
sented in presidential-policy debates that drew particular boundaries of inclusion and exclusion to
the nation-state. In essence, immigration debates are a means for justifying systems of exclusion
(Wodak, 2008, p. 55). Because of this, many scholars have analyzed public discourses about
immigration policy (Chávez, 2008; Hamann & Reeves, 2012; Mehan, 1997; Santa Ana, 2002), and
recent scholarship has especially focused on the role of children within immigration discourses
(Orellana & Johnson, 2012; Wiley, 2013). However, still needed are the voices of immigrant youth
CONTACT Dafney Blanca Dabach dbd1@uw.edu University of Washington, 115 Miller Hall, Box 353600, Seattle, WA
98195-3600.
© 2016 Taylor & Francis
JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE, IDENTITY & EDUCATION
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15348458.2016.1239538