American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 9 (1): 34-40, 2013 ISSN: 1553-3468 © 2013 El-Bahr and EL-Deeb, This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 3.0 license doi:10.3844/ajbbsp.2013.34.40 Published Online 9 (1) 2013 (http://www.thescipub.com/ajbb.toc) Corresponding Author: Sabry M. El-Bahr, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt Tel: 0020199616621 Fax: 002 45 2960450 34 AJBB Science Publications ACUTE PHASE PROTEINS, LIPID PROFILE AND PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IN HEALTHY AND BRONCHOPNEUMONIC WATER BUFFALO CALVES 1,2 Sabry M. El-Bahr and 3,4 Wael M. EL-Deeb 1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt 2 Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia 3 Department of Clinical studies, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia 4 Department of Veterinary Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt Received 2012-05-06, Revised 2013-01-20; Accepted 2013-02-08 ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of Acute Phase Proteins (APP), lipid profiles and proinflammatory cytokines in healthy and bronchopneumonic water buffalo calves. Therefore, sixty water buffalo calves (9±1 month old, 175±15 kg) were divided into two equal groups, the first group represented healthy, control, calves whereas calves of the second group were affected with bronchopneumonia. Total leukocytic and differential counts were determined. Serum total protein, albumin, Triacylglyceol (TAG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), High Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), Total cholesterol, Alanine Amino Transferase (ALT), Aspartate Amino Transferase (AST), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Fibrinogen (Fb), Haptaglobin (Hp), Serum Amyloid A (SAA), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interleukins (IL1β, IL-12) and Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) were also determined. In addition, Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) was collected and analyzed. The present findings indicated that, total leukocytic and neutrophils counts were significantly (p<0.05) higher in pneumonic water buffalo calves compare with control. The examined biochemical parameters were significantly (p<0.05) increased in pneumonic calves except for total protein, albumin, cholesterol and HDL-c which were significantly (p<0.05) lower compare with control. Serum concentrations of investigated APP and proinflammatory cytokines were significantly (p<0.05) higher in pneumonic water buffalo calves than those of control. The present study demonstrated that, APP, lipid profile and proinflammatory cytokines perhaps served as biomarkers of bronchopneumonia in water buffalo calves. However, future studies with higher baseline sampling are still needed to establish and validate reference values for APP and cytokines in water buffalo calves. Keywords: Haptoglobin, Fibrinogen, Serum Amyloid A, Interleukins, Biochemistry, Calves 1. INTRODUCTION Respiratory diseases in bovine defined as an interaction between environmental, stressful and infectious agents (Galyean et al., 1999). Inflammation induced primarily by viral, bacterial, fungal and/or environmental factors (Wilkins, 2003; Wright et al., 2010). The primary reason of inflammation can determine the type of cellular response. Changing the concentrations of APP is an early, highly complex reaction of animal body against injurious stimuli (Gabay and Kushner, 1999; Gruys et al., 2005a) as a trial to homeostasis and restrains the microbial growth before developing acquired immunity (Gordon et al., 2008). APP are of positive (up-regulated; Hp, Fb and SAA) or negative