Stasolla F, Perilli V, Boccasini A (2016) Technological Options for Promoting Adaptive Behaviors of Children with Fragile X Syndrome. Int J Behav Res Psychol. 4(2e), 1-2.
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International Journal of Behavioral Research & Psychology (IJBRP)
ISSN 2332-3000
Technological Options for Promoting Adaptive Behaviors of Children with Fragile X Syndrome
Editorial
Stasolla F
1*
, Perilli V
2
, Boccasini A
3
1
Department of Neurosciences, University of Bari, Italy.
2
Lega del Filo d'Oro Research Center, Molfetta, Italy.
3
Lega del Filo d'Oro Research Center, Termini Imerese, Italy.
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a genetic pathology due to an
excessive length of a repetitive sequence of trinucleotides
(CGG) in a speciic gene (FMR1), matched to FMR1 protein,
which is primarily responsible for the regular brain developing
and functioning. It represents one of the most usual cause
of developmental disabilities with learning dificulties as
consequence of intellectual, communicative and social disorders.
Additionally, anxiety, hyperactivity, seizures, gaze avoidance and
autism spectrum disorders are frequently described within its
patterns, basically occurring in males. FXS physical characteristics
usually include long and narrow visage, large ears, prominent jaws
and foreheads. Stereotypic behaviors, aggression and self-injuries
are equally described among this population [1-3]. Accordingly,
individuals with FXS may be entirely considered as affected
by severe to profound developmental disabilities. One way to
enable the latter persons with the independent access to positive
stimulation is the use of assistive technology (AT) [4]. It refers to
any technological piece, device, tool or equipment enhancing self-
determination [5]. Despite its large and wide use among children
with developmental disabilities, few studies have been carried out
on the use of AT within FXS population [6, 7].
For instance, Riley et al., [8] conducted a pilot study aimed at
assessing the use of an AT device to improve daily living of a
young woman with FXS who was estimated within a low level
of intellectual functioning. Baseline data were collected on a
paper sheet by both the participant and her mother, based upon
a series of activities of daily living, which the young woman was
unable to correctly perform through a low-tech device such as
a written checklist. Subsequently, a high-tech equipment (i.e.,
Tickle Box) was introduced. Data were collected using the same
format. Results emphasized a performance improvement with
respect to the baseline. Mirrett, Roberts and Price [9] described
speech-language pathologists' impressions of the communication
dificulties of young males with FXS and assessed the needs for
individualized AT-based interventions. Thus, within a regional
study, which recruited 51 speech-language pathologists who
provided interventions for males with FXS within a range age
between 2 and 9 years, a survey was conducted. The majority
of the professionals involved pointed out the necessity for both
low and high-tech solutions aimed at increasing non-verbal and/
or minimally verbal children skills focused on listening, auditory
comprehension and conversation. Moreover, before planning a
customer-tailored intervention for children with FXS, the speciic
behavioral pattern (i.e., anxiety, attention deicits and sensory
overload problems) should be carefully examined. Stasolla et al.
[10] assessed occupation and choice capacities of two boys (i.e.,
8.7 and 9.7 years old respectively) with FXS through technological
supports (i.e., optic sensors such as photocells). A second
objective of the study was to reduce stereotypic behaviors (i.e.,
hand mouthing and eye poking). Indices of happiness as outcome
measure of participants' quality of life were also recorded as to
outline the program's effectiveness. Both participants improved
their performances during intervention phases if compared to the
baselines. An extension of such program was recently carried out
by Stasolla, Perilli, Damiani and Albano [11] who exposed three
participants with FXS (aged of 8.8, 9.4 and 10.5 respectively) to
an AT-based rehabilitative strategy for promoting a new adaptive
response (i.e., inserting two different objects in two different
containers within a time interval of 3 s. A three months follow-
up and a social validation assessment involving 30 parents of
children with severe to profound developmental disabilities
were additionally conducted. Data showed that all participants
increased the adaptive responding and reduced the stereotypic
behaviors during the intervention phases. They all consolidated
their performance within the follow-up and social raters favorably
scored the use of AT. The aforementioned empirical evidences
suggest that further extensions of the AT for children with FXS
is undoubtedly warranted.
In light of the above, and depending upon the levels of functioning
of the participants involved, one may envisage different AT-based
programs. For example, for very low functional individuals who
dispose of a very limited behavioral repertoire, one may argue on
*Corresponding Author:
Fabrizio Stasolla,
Department of Neurosciences, University of Bari, Italy.
E-mail: stfb01gb@uniba.it
Received: June 30, 2016
Published: July 01, 2016
Citation: Stasolla F, Perilli V, Boccasini A (2016) Technological Options for Promoting Adaptive Behaviors of Children with Fragile X Syndrome. Int J Behav Res Psychol. 4(2e), 1-2.
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.19070/2332-3000-160006e
Copyright: Stasolla F
©
2016. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and
reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.