VOCES: COMMUNITY, PARENTS, TEACHERS,
AND STUDENTS
Entre la Espada y la Pared: Critical
Educators, Bilingual Education, and
Education Reform
Edward M. Olivos
Division of Teacher Education
California State University, Dominguez Hills
Carmen E. Quintana de Valladolid
Joint Doctoral Program
San Diego State University/Claremont Graduate University
From the perspective of two practitioners who have been influenced by work in the
area of critical pedagogy and critical theory, this article examines bilingual educa-
tion, education reform, and the achievement gap in relation to Latino English Lan-
guage Learners. The authors integrate personal experiences as they examine underly-
ing assumptions of class, race, and asymmetrical power relations in current
education policy and classroom practice. They argue that, despite feelings of being
“between a rock and a hard place,” critical pedagogy has allowed them to continue
their struggles for educational justice with the help of fellow educators and commu-
nity members.
Key words: critical pedagogy, teachers, bilingual education, education reform, lan-
guage, achievement gap
JOURNAL OF LATINOS AND EDUCATION, 4(4), 283–293
Copyright © 2005, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Requests for reprints should be sent to Edward M. Olivos, California State University, Dominguez
Hills, Division of Teacher Education, 1000 E. Victoria Street, Carson, CA 90747. E-mail:
emolivos@cox.net